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   1// MarionetteJS (Backbone.Marionette)
   2// ----------------------------------
   3// v2.0.1
   4//
   5// Copyright (c)2014 Derick Bailey, Muted Solutions, LLC.
   6// Distributed under MIT license
   7//
   8// http://marionettejs.com
   9
  10
  11/*!
  12 * Includes BabySitter
  13 * https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.babysitter/
  14 *
  15 * Includes Wreqr
  16 * https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.wreqr/
  17 */
  18
  19
  20(function(root, factory) {
  21
  22  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
  23    define(['backbone', 'underscore'], function(Backbone, _) {
  24      return (root.Marionette = factory(root, Backbone, _));
  25    });
  26  } else if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
  27    var Backbone = require('backbone');
  28    var _ = require('underscore');
  29    module.exports = factory(root, Backbone, _);
  30  } else {
  31    root.Marionette = factory(root, root.Backbone, root._);
  32  }
  33
  34}(this, function(root, Backbone, _) {
  35  'use strict';
  36
  37  // Backbone.BabySitter
  38  // -------------------
  39  // v0.1.4
  40  //
  41  // Copyright (c)2014 Derick Bailey, Muted Solutions, LLC.
  42  // Distributed under MIT license
  43  //
  44  // http://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.babysitter
  45  (function(Backbone, _) {
  46    "use strict";
  47    var previousChildViewContainer = Backbone.ChildViewContainer;
  48    // BabySitter.ChildViewContainer
  49    // -----------------------------
  50    //
  51    // Provide a container to store, retrieve and
  52    // shut down child views.
  53    Backbone.ChildViewContainer = function(Backbone, _) {
  54      // Container Constructor
  55      // ---------------------
  56      var Container = function(views) {
  57        this._views = {};
  58        this._indexByModel = {};
  59        this._indexByCustom = {};
  60        this._updateLength();
  61        _.each(views, this.add, this);
  62      };
  63      // Container Methods
  64      // -----------------
  65      _.extend(Container.prototype, {
  66        // Add a view to this container. Stores the view
  67        // by `cid` and makes it searchable by the model
  68        // cid (and model itself). Optionally specify
  69        // a custom key to store an retrieve the view.
  70        add: function(view, customIndex) {
  71          var viewCid = view.cid;
  72          // store the view
  73          this._views[viewCid] = view;
  74          // index it by model
  75          if (view.model) {
  76            this._indexByModel[view.model.cid] = viewCid;
  77          }
  78          // index by custom
  79          if (customIndex) {
  80            this._indexByCustom[customIndex] = viewCid;
  81          }
  82          this._updateLength();
  83          return this;
  84        },
  85        // Find a view by the model that was attached to
  86        // it. Uses the model's `cid` to find it.
  87        findByModel: function(model) {
  88          return this.findByModelCid(model.cid);
  89        },
  90        // Find a view by the `cid` of the model that was attached to
  91        // it. Uses the model's `cid` to find the view `cid` and
  92        // retrieve the view using it.
  93        findByModelCid: function(modelCid) {
  94          var viewCid = this._indexByModel[modelCid];
  95          return this.findByCid(viewCid);
  96        },
  97        // Find a view by a custom indexer.
  98        findByCustom: function(index) {
  99          var viewCid = this._indexByCustom[index];
 100          return this.findByCid(viewCid);
 101        },
 102        // Find by index. This is not guaranteed to be a
 103        // stable index.
 104        findByIndex: function(index) {
 105          return _.values(this._views)[index];
 106        },
 107        // retrieve a view by its `cid` directly
 108        findByCid: function(cid) {
 109          return this._views[cid];
 110        },
 111        // Remove a view
 112        remove: function(view) {
 113          var viewCid = view.cid;
 114          // delete model index
 115          if (view.model) {
 116            delete this._indexByModel[view.model.cid];
 117          }
 118          // delete custom index
 119          _.any(this._indexByCustom, function(cid, key) {
 120            if (cid === viewCid) {
 121              delete this._indexByCustom[key];
 122              return true;
 123            }
 124          }, this);
 125          // remove the view from the container
 126          delete this._views[viewCid];
 127          // update the length
 128          this._updateLength();
 129          return this;
 130        },
 131        // Call a method on every view in the container,
 132        // passing parameters to the call method one at a
 133        // time, like `function.call`.
 134        call: function(method) {
 135          this.apply(method, _.tail(arguments));
 136        },
 137        // Apply a method on every view in the container,
 138        // passing parameters to the call method one at a
 139        // time, like `function.apply`.
 140        apply: function(method, args) {
 141          _.each(this._views, function(view) {
 142            if (_.isFunction(view[method])) {
 143              view[method].apply(view, args || []);
 144            }
 145          });
 146        },
 147        // Update the `.length` attribute on this container
 148        _updateLength: function() {
 149          this.length = _.size(this._views);
 150        }
 151      });
 152      // Borrowing this code from Backbone.Collection:
 153      // http://backbonejs.org/docs/backbone.html#section-106
 154      //
 155      // Mix in methods from Underscore, for iteration, and other
 156      // collection related features.
 157      var methods = [ "forEach", "each", "map", "find", "detect", "filter", "select", "reject", "every", "all", "some", "any", "include", "contains", "invoke", "toArray", "first", "initial", "rest", "last", "without", "isEmpty", "pluck" ];
 158      _.each(methods, function(method) {
 159        Container.prototype[method] = function() {
 160          var views = _.values(this._views);
 161          var args = [ views ].concat(_.toArray(arguments));
 162          return _[method].apply(_, args);
 163        };
 164      });
 165      // return the public API
 166      return Container;
 167    }(Backbone, _);
 168    Backbone.ChildViewContainer.VERSION = "0.1.4";
 169    Backbone.ChildViewContainer.noConflict = function() {
 170      Backbone.ChildViewContainer = previousChildViewContainer;
 171      return this;
 172    };
 173    return Backbone.ChildViewContainer;
 174  })(Backbone, _);
 175  // Backbone.Wreqr (Backbone.Marionette)
 176  // ----------------------------------
 177  // v1.3.1
 178  //
 179  // Copyright (c)2014 Derick Bailey, Muted Solutions, LLC.
 180  // Distributed under MIT license
 181  //
 182  // http://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.wreqr
 183  (function(Backbone, _) {
 184    "use strict";
 185    var previousWreqr = Backbone.Wreqr;
 186    var Wreqr = Backbone.Wreqr = {};
 187    Backbone.Wreqr.VERSION = "1.3.1";
 188    Backbone.Wreqr.noConflict = function() {
 189      Backbone.Wreqr = previousWreqr;
 190      return this;
 191    };
 192    // Handlers
 193    // --------
 194    // A registry of functions to call, given a name
 195    Wreqr.Handlers = function(Backbone, _) {
 196      "use strict";
 197      // Constructor
 198      // -----------
 199      var Handlers = function(options) {
 200        this.options = options;
 201        this._wreqrHandlers = {};
 202        if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)) {
 203          this.initialize(options);
 204        }
 205      };
 206      Handlers.extend = Backbone.Model.extend;
 207      // Instance Members
 208      // ----------------
 209      _.extend(Handlers.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
 210        // Add multiple handlers using an object literal configuration
 211        setHandlers: function(handlers) {
 212          _.each(handlers, function(handler, name) {
 213            var context = null;
 214            if (_.isObject(handler) && !_.isFunction(handler)) {
 215              context = handler.context;
 216              handler = handler.callback;
 217            }
 218            this.setHandler(name, handler, context);
 219          }, this);
 220        },
 221        // Add a handler for the given name, with an
 222        // optional context to run the handler within
 223        setHandler: function(name, handler, context) {
 224          var config = {
 225            callback: handler,
 226            context: context
 227          };
 228          this._wreqrHandlers[name] = config;
 229          this.trigger("handler:add", name, handler, context);
 230        },
 231        // Determine whether or not a handler is registered
 232        hasHandler: function(name) {
 233          return !!this._wreqrHandlers[name];
 234        },
 235        // Get the currently registered handler for
 236        // the specified name. Throws an exception if
 237        // no handler is found.
 238        getHandler: function(name) {
 239          var config = this._wreqrHandlers[name];
 240          if (!config) {
 241            return;
 242          }
 243          return function() {
 244            var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
 245            return config.callback.apply(config.context, args);
 246          };
 247        },
 248        // Remove a handler for the specified name
 249        removeHandler: function(name) {
 250          delete this._wreqrHandlers[name];
 251        },
 252        // Remove all handlers from this registry
 253        removeAllHandlers: function() {
 254          this._wreqrHandlers = {};
 255        }
 256      });
 257      return Handlers;
 258    }(Backbone, _);
 259    // Wreqr.CommandStorage
 260    // --------------------
 261    //
 262    // Store and retrieve commands for execution.
 263    Wreqr.CommandStorage = function() {
 264      "use strict";
 265      // Constructor function
 266      var CommandStorage = function(options) {
 267        this.options = options;
 268        this._commands = {};
 269        if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)) {
 270          this.initialize(options);
 271        }
 272      };
 273      // Instance methods
 274      _.extend(CommandStorage.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
 275        // Get an object literal by command name, that contains
 276        // the `commandName` and the `instances` of all commands
 277        // represented as an array of arguments to process
 278        getCommands: function(commandName) {
 279          var commands = this._commands[commandName];
 280          // we don't have it, so add it
 281          if (!commands) {
 282            // build the configuration
 283            commands = {
 284              command: commandName,
 285              instances: []
 286            };
 287            // store it
 288            this._commands[commandName] = commands;
 289          }
 290          return commands;
 291        },
 292        // Add a command by name, to the storage and store the
 293        // args for the command
 294        addCommand: function(commandName, args) {
 295          var command = this.getCommands(commandName);
 296          command.instances.push(args);
 297        },
 298        // Clear all commands for the given `commandName`
 299        clearCommands: function(commandName) {
 300          var command = this.getCommands(commandName);
 301          command.instances = [];
 302        }
 303      });
 304      return CommandStorage;
 305    }();
 306    // Wreqr.Commands
 307    // --------------
 308    //
 309    // A simple command pattern implementation. Register a command
 310    // handler and execute it.
 311    Wreqr.Commands = function(Wreqr) {
 312      "use strict";
 313      return Wreqr.Handlers.extend({
 314        // default storage type
 315        storageType: Wreqr.CommandStorage,
 316        constructor: function(options) {
 317          this.options = options || {};
 318          this._initializeStorage(this.options);
 319          this.on("handler:add", this._executeCommands, this);
 320          var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
 321          Wreqr.Handlers.prototype.constructor.apply(this, args);
 322        },
 323        // Execute a named command with the supplied args
 324        execute: function(name, args) {
 325          name = arguments[0];
 326          args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
 327          if (this.hasHandler(name)) {
 328            this.getHandler(name).apply(this, args);
 329          } else {
 330            this.storage.addCommand(name, args);
 331          }
 332        },
 333        // Internal method to handle bulk execution of stored commands
 334        _executeCommands: function(name, handler, context) {
 335          var command = this.storage.getCommands(name);
 336          // loop through and execute all the stored command instances
 337          _.each(command.instances, function(args) {
 338            handler.apply(context, args);
 339          });
 340          this.storage.clearCommands(name);
 341        },
 342        // Internal method to initialize storage either from the type's
 343        // `storageType` or the instance `options.storageType`.
 344        _initializeStorage: function(options) {
 345          var storage;
 346          var StorageType = options.storageType || this.storageType;
 347          if (_.isFunction(StorageType)) {
 348            storage = new StorageType();
 349          } else {
 350            storage = StorageType;
 351          }
 352          this.storage = storage;
 353        }
 354      });
 355    }(Wreqr);
 356    // Wreqr.RequestResponse
 357    // ---------------------
 358    //
 359    // A simple request/response implementation. Register a
 360    // request handler, and return a response from it
 361    Wreqr.RequestResponse = function(Wreqr) {
 362      "use strict";
 363      return Wreqr.Handlers.extend({
 364        request: function() {
 365          var name = arguments[0];
 366          var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
 367          if (this.hasHandler(name)) {
 368            return this.getHandler(name).apply(this, args);
 369          }
 370        }
 371      });
 372    }(Wreqr);
 373    // Event Aggregator
 374    // ----------------
 375    // A pub-sub object that can be used to decouple various parts
 376    // of an application through event-driven architecture.
 377    Wreqr.EventAggregator = function(Backbone, _) {
 378      "use strict";
 379      var EA = function() {};
 380      // Copy the `extend` function used by Backbone's classes
 381      EA.extend = Backbone.Model.extend;
 382      // Copy the basic Backbone.Events on to the event aggregator
 383      _.extend(EA.prototype, Backbone.Events);
 384      return EA;
 385    }(Backbone, _);
 386    // Wreqr.Channel
 387    // --------------
 388    //
 389    // An object that wraps the three messaging systems:
 390    // EventAggregator, RequestResponse, Commands
 391    Wreqr.Channel = function(Wreqr) {
 392      "use strict";
 393      var Channel = function(channelName) {
 394        this.vent = new Backbone.Wreqr.EventAggregator();
 395        this.reqres = new Backbone.Wreqr.RequestResponse();
 396        this.commands = new Backbone.Wreqr.Commands();
 397        this.channelName = channelName;
 398      };
 399      _.extend(Channel.prototype, {
 400        // Remove all handlers from the messaging systems of this channel
 401        reset: function() {
 402          this.vent.off();
 403          this.vent.stopListening();
 404          this.reqres.removeAllHandlers();
 405          this.commands.removeAllHandlers();
 406          return this;
 407        },
 408        // Connect a hash of events; one for each messaging system
 409        connectEvents: function(hash, context) {
 410          this._connect("vent", hash, context);
 411          return this;
 412        },
 413        connectCommands: function(hash, context) {
 414          this._connect("commands", hash, context);
 415          return this;
 416        },
 417        connectRequests: function(hash, context) {
 418          this._connect("reqres", hash, context);
 419          return this;
 420        },
 421        // Attach the handlers to a given message system `type`
 422        _connect: function(type, hash, context) {
 423          if (!hash) {
 424            return;
 425          }
 426          context = context || this;
 427          var method = type === "vent" ? "on" : "setHandler";
 428          _.each(hash, function(fn, eventName) {
 429            this[type][method](eventName, _.bind(fn, context));
 430          }, this);
 431        }
 432      });
 433      return Channel;
 434    }(Wreqr);
 435    // Wreqr.Radio
 436    // --------------
 437    //
 438    // An object that lets you communicate with many channels.
 439    Wreqr.radio = function(Wreqr) {
 440      "use strict";
 441      var Radio = function() {
 442        this._channels = {};
 443        this.vent = {};
 444        this.commands = {};
 445        this.reqres = {};
 446        this._proxyMethods();
 447      };
 448      _.extend(Radio.prototype, {
 449        channel: function(channelName) {
 450          if (!channelName) {
 451            throw new Error("Channel must receive a name");
 452          }
 453          return this._getChannel(channelName);
 454        },
 455        _getChannel: function(channelName) {
 456          var channel = this._channels[channelName];
 457          if (!channel) {
 458            channel = new Wreqr.Channel(channelName);
 459            this._channels[channelName] = channel;
 460          }
 461          return channel;
 462        },
 463        _proxyMethods: function() {
 464          _.each([ "vent", "commands", "reqres" ], function(system) {
 465            _.each(messageSystems[system], function(method) {
 466              this[system][method] = proxyMethod(this, system, method);
 467            }, this);
 468          }, this);
 469        }
 470      });
 471      var messageSystems = {
 472        vent: [ "on", "off", "trigger", "once", "stopListening", "listenTo", "listenToOnce" ],
 473        commands: [ "execute", "setHandler", "setHandlers", "removeHandler", "removeAllHandlers" ],
 474        reqres: [ "request", "setHandler", "setHandlers", "removeHandler", "removeAllHandlers" ]
 475      };
 476      var proxyMethod = function(radio, system, method) {
 477        return function(channelName) {
 478          var messageSystem = radio._getChannel(channelName)[system];
 479          var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
 480          return messageSystem[method].apply(messageSystem, args);
 481        };
 482      };
 483      return new Radio();
 484    }(Wreqr);
 485    return Backbone.Wreqr;
 486  })(Backbone, _);
 487
 488  var previousMarionette = root.Marionette;
 489
 490  var Marionette = Backbone.Marionette = {};
 491
 492  Marionette.VERSION = '2.0.1';
 493
 494  Marionette.noConflict = function() {
 495    root.Marionette = previousMarionette;
 496    return this;
 497  };
 498
 499  Backbone.Marionette = Marionette;
 500
 501  // Get the Deferred creator for later use
 502  Marionette.Deferred = Backbone.$.Deferred;
 503
 504  /* jshint unused: false */
 505  
 506  // Helpers
 507  // -------
 508  
 509  // For slicing `arguments` in functions
 510  var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
 511  
 512  function throwError(message, name) {
 513    var error = new Error(message);
 514    error.name = name || 'Error';
 515    throw error;
 516  }
 517  
 518  // Marionette.extend
 519  // -----------------
 520  
 521  // Borrow the Backbone `extend` method so we can use it as needed
 522  Marionette.extend = Backbone.Model.extend;
 523  
 524  // Marionette.getOption
 525  // --------------------
 526  
 527  // Retrieve an object, function or other value from a target
 528  // object or its `options`, with `options` taking precedence.
 529  Marionette.getOption = function(target, optionName) {
 530    if (!target || !optionName) { return; }
 531    var value;
 532  
 533    if (target.options && (target.options[optionName] !== undefined)) {
 534      value = target.options[optionName];
 535    } else {
 536      value = target[optionName];
 537    }
 538  
 539    return value;
 540  };
 541  
 542  // Proxy `Marionette.getOption`
 543  Marionette.proxyGetOption = function(optionName) {
 544    return Marionette.getOption(this, optionName);
 545  };
 546  
 547  // Marionette.normalizeMethods
 548  // ----------------------
 549  
 550  // Pass in a mapping of events => functions or function names
 551  // and return a mapping of events => functions
 552  Marionette.normalizeMethods = function(hash) {
 553    var normalizedHash = {}, method;
 554    _.each(hash, function(fn, name) {
 555      method = fn;
 556      if (!_.isFunction(method)) {
 557        method = this[method];
 558      }
 559      if (!method) {
 560        return;
 561      }
 562      normalizedHash[name] = method;
 563    }, this);
 564    return normalizedHash;
 565  };
 566  
 567  
 568  // allows for the use of the @ui. syntax within
 569  // a given key for triggers and events
 570  // swaps the @ui with the associated selector
 571  Marionette.normalizeUIKeys = function(hash, ui) {
 572    if (typeof(hash) === 'undefined') {
 573      return;
 574    }
 575  
 576    _.each(_.keys(hash), function(v) {
 577      var pattern = /@ui.[a-zA-Z_$0-9]*/g;
 578      if (v.match(pattern)) {
 579        hash[v.replace(pattern, function(r) {
 580          return ui[r.slice(4)];
 581        })] = hash[v];
 582        delete hash[v];
 583      }
 584    });
 585  
 586    return hash;
 587  };
 588  
 589  // Mix in methods from Underscore, for iteration, and other
 590  // collection related features.
 591  // Borrowing this code from Backbone.Collection:
 592  // http://backbonejs.org/docs/backbone.html#section-106
 593  Marionette.actAsCollection = function(object, listProperty) {
 594    var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'find', 'detect', 'filter',
 595      'select', 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include',
 596      'contains', 'invoke', 'toArray', 'first', 'initial', 'rest',
 597      'last', 'without', 'isEmpty', 'pluck'];
 598  
 599    _.each(methods, function(method) {
 600      object[method] = function() {
 601        var list = _.values(_.result(this, listProperty));
 602        var args = [list].concat(_.toArray(arguments));
 603        return _[method].apply(_, args);
 604      };
 605    });
 606  };
 607  
 608  // Trigger an event and/or a corresponding method name. Examples:
 609  //
 610  // `this.triggerMethod("foo")` will trigger the "foo" event and
 611  // call the "onFoo" method.
 612  //
 613  // `this.triggerMethod("foo:bar")` will trigger the "foo:bar" event and
 614  // call the "onFooBar" method.
 615  Marionette.triggerMethod = (function() {
 616  
 617    // split the event name on the ":"
 618    var splitter = /(^|:)(\w)/gi;
 619  
 620    // take the event section ("section1:section2:section3")
 621    // and turn it in to uppercase name
 622    function getEventName(match, prefix, eventName) {
 623      return eventName.toUpperCase();
 624    }
 625  
 626    // actual triggerMethod implementation
 627    var triggerMethod = function(event) {
 628      // get the method name from the event name
 629      var methodName = 'on' + event.replace(splitter, getEventName);
 630      var method = this[methodName];
 631      var result;
 632  
 633      // call the onMethodName if it exists
 634      if (_.isFunction(method)) {
 635        // pass all arguments, except the event name
 636        result = method.apply(this, _.tail(arguments));
 637      }
 638  
 639      // trigger the event, if a trigger method exists
 640      if (_.isFunction(this.trigger)) {
 641        this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
 642      }
 643  
 644      return result;
 645    };
 646  
 647    return triggerMethod;
 648  })();
 649  
 650  // DOMRefresh
 651  // ----------
 652  //
 653  // Monitor a view's state, and after it has been rendered and shown
 654  // in the DOM, trigger a "dom:refresh" event every time it is
 655  // re-rendered.
 656  
 657  Marionette.MonitorDOMRefresh = (function(documentElement) {
 658    // track when the view has been shown in the DOM,
 659    // using a Marionette.Region (or by other means of triggering "show")
 660    function handleShow(view) {
 661      view._isShown = true;
 662      triggerDOMRefresh(view);
 663    }
 664  
 665    // track when the view has been rendered
 666    function handleRender(view) {
 667      view._isRendered = true;
 668      triggerDOMRefresh(view);
 669    }
 670  
 671    // Trigger the "dom:refresh" event and corresponding "onDomRefresh" method
 672    function triggerDOMRefresh(view) {
 673      if (view._isShown && view._isRendered && isInDOM(view)) {
 674        if (_.isFunction(view.triggerMethod)) {
 675          view.triggerMethod('dom:refresh');
 676        }
 677      }
 678    }
 679  
 680    function isInDOM(view) {
 681      return documentElement.contains(view.el);
 682    }
 683  
 684    // Export public API
 685    return function(view) {
 686      view.listenTo(view, 'show', function() {
 687        handleShow(view);
 688      });
 689  
 690      view.listenTo(view, 'render', function() {
 691        handleRender(view);
 692      });
 693    };
 694  })(document.documentElement);
 695  
 696
 697  /* jshint maxparams: 5 */
 698  
 699  // Marionette.bindEntityEvents & unbindEntityEvents
 700  // ---------------------------
 701  //
 702  // These methods are used to bind/unbind a backbone "entity" (collection/model)
 703  // to methods on a target object.
 704  //
 705  // The first parameter, `target`, must have a `listenTo` method from the
 706  // EventBinder object.
 707  //
 708  // The second parameter is the entity (Backbone.Model or Backbone.Collection)
 709  // to bind the events from.
 710  //
 711  // The third parameter is a hash of { "event:name": "eventHandler" }
 712  // configuration. Multiple handlers can be separated by a space. A
 713  // function can be supplied instead of a string handler name.
 714  
 715  (function(Marionette) {
 716    'use strict';
 717  
 718    // Bind the event to handlers specified as a string of
 719    // handler names on the target object
 720    function bindFromStrings(target, entity, evt, methods) {
 721      var methodNames = methods.split(/\s+/);
 722  
 723      _.each(methodNames, function(methodName) {
 724  
 725        var method = target[methodName];
 726        if (!method) {
 727          throwError('Method "' + methodName +
 728            '" was configured as an event handler, but does not exist.');
 729        }
 730  
 731        target.listenTo(entity, evt, method);
 732      });
 733    }
 734  
 735    // Bind the event to a supplied callback function
 736    function bindToFunction(target, entity, evt, method) {
 737      target.listenTo(entity, evt, method);
 738    }
 739  
 740    // Bind the event to handlers specified as a string of
 741    // handler names on the target object
 742    function unbindFromStrings(target, entity, evt, methods) {
 743      var methodNames = methods.split(/\s+/);
 744  
 745      _.each(methodNames, function(methodName) {
 746        var method = target[methodName];
 747        target.stopListening(entity, evt, method);
 748      });
 749    }
 750  
 751    // Bind the event to a supplied callback function
 752    function unbindToFunction(target, entity, evt, method) {
 753      target.stopListening(entity, evt, method);
 754    }
 755  
 756  
 757    // generic looping function
 758    function iterateEvents(target, entity, bindings, functionCallback, stringCallback) {
 759      if (!entity || !bindings) { return; }
 760  
 761      // allow the bindings to be a function
 762      if (_.isFunction(bindings)) {
 763        bindings = bindings.call(target);
 764      }
 765  
 766      // iterate the bindings and bind them
 767      _.each(bindings, function(methods, evt) {
 768  
 769        // allow for a function as the handler,
 770        // or a list of event names as a string
 771        if (_.isFunction(methods)) {
 772          functionCallback(target, entity, evt, methods);
 773        } else {
 774          stringCallback(target, entity, evt, methods);
 775        }
 776  
 777      });
 778    }
 779  
 780    // Export Public API
 781    Marionette.bindEntityEvents = function(target, entity, bindings) {
 782      iterateEvents(target, entity, bindings, bindToFunction, bindFromStrings);
 783    };
 784  
 785    Marionette.unbindEntityEvents = function(target, entity, bindings) {
 786      iterateEvents(target, entity, bindings, unbindToFunction, unbindFromStrings);
 787    };
 788  
 789    // Proxy `bindEntityEvents`
 790    Marionette.proxyBindEntityEvents = function(entity, bindings) {
 791      return Marionette.bindEntityEvents(this, entity, bindings);
 792    };
 793  
 794    // Proxy `unbindEntityEvents`
 795    Marionette.proxyUnbindEntityEvents = function(entity, bindings) {
 796      return Marionette.unbindEntityEvents(this, entity, bindings);
 797    };
 798  })(Marionette);
 799  
 800
 801  // Callbacks
 802  // ---------
 803  
 804  // A simple way of managing a collection of callbacks
 805  // and executing them at a later point in time, using jQuery's
 806  // `Deferred` object.
 807  Marionette.Callbacks = function() {
 808    this._deferred = Marionette.Deferred();
 809    this._callbacks = [];
 810  };
 811  
 812  _.extend(Marionette.Callbacks.prototype, {
 813  
 814    // Add a callback to be executed. Callbacks added here are
 815    // guaranteed to execute, even if they are added after the
 816    // `run` method is called.
 817    add: function(callback, contextOverride) {
 818      var promise = _.result(this._deferred, 'promise');
 819  
 820      this._callbacks.push({cb: callback, ctx: contextOverride});
 821  
 822      promise.then(function(args) {
 823        if (contextOverride){ args.context = contextOverride; }
 824        callback.call(args.context, args.options);
 825      });
 826    },
 827  
 828    // Run all registered callbacks with the context specified.
 829    // Additional callbacks can be added after this has been run
 830    // and they will still be executed.
 831    run: function(options, context) {
 832      this._deferred.resolve({
 833        options: options,
 834        context: context
 835      });
 836    },
 837  
 838    // Resets the list of callbacks to be run, allowing the same list
 839    // to be run multiple times - whenever the `run` method is called.
 840    reset: function() {
 841      var callbacks = this._callbacks;
 842      this._deferred = Marionette.Deferred();
 843      this._callbacks = [];
 844  
 845      _.each(callbacks, function(cb) {
 846        this.add(cb.cb, cb.ctx);
 847      }, this);
 848    }
 849  });
 850  
 851  // Marionette Controller
 852  // ---------------------
 853  //
 854  // A multi-purpose object to use as a controller for
 855  // modules and routers, and as a mediator for workflow
 856  // and coordination of other objects, views, and more.
 857  Marionette.Controller = function(options) {
 858    this.triggerMethod = Marionette.triggerMethod;
 859    this.options = options || {};
 860  
 861    if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)) {
 862      this.initialize(this.options);
 863    }
 864  };
 865  
 866  Marionette.Controller.extend = Marionette.extend;
 867  
 868  // Controller Methods
 869  // --------------
 870  
 871  // Ensure it can trigger events with Backbone.Events
 872  _.extend(Marionette.Controller.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
 873    destroy: function() {
 874      var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
 875      this.triggerMethod.apply(this, ['before:destroy'].concat(args));
 876      this.triggerMethod.apply(this, ['destroy'].concat(args));
 877  
 878      this.stopListening();
 879      this.off();
 880    },
 881  
 882    // import the `triggerMethod` to trigger events with corresponding
 883    // methods if the method exists
 884    triggerMethod: Marionette.triggerMethod,
 885  
 886    // Proxy `getOption` to enable getting options from this or this.options by name.
 887    getOption: Marionette.proxyGetOption
 888  
 889  });
 890  
 891  /* jshint maxcomplexity: 10, maxstatements: 27 */
 892  
 893  // Region
 894  // ------
 895  //
 896  // Manage the visual regions of your composite application. See
 897  // http://lostechies.com/derickbailey/2011/12/12/composite-js-apps-regions-and-region-managers/
 898  
 899  Marionette.Region = function(options) {
 900    this.options = options || {};
 901    this.el = this.getOption('el');
 902  
 903    // Handle when this.el is passed in as a $ wrapped element.
 904    this.el = this.el instanceof Backbone.$ ? this.el[0] : this.el;
 905  
 906    if (!this.el) {
 907      throwError('An "el" must be specified for a region.', 'NoElError');
 908    }
 909  
 910    this.$el = this.getEl(this.el);
 911  
 912    if (this.initialize) {
 913      var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
 914      this.initialize.apply(this, args);
 915    }
 916  };
 917  
 918  
 919  // Region Class methods
 920  // -------------------
 921  
 922  _.extend(Marionette.Region, {
 923  
 924    // Build an instance of a region by passing in a configuration object
 925    // and a default region class to use if none is specified in the config.
 926    //
 927    // The config object should either be a string as a jQuery DOM selector,
 928    // a Region class directly, or an object literal that specifies both
 929    // a selector and regionClass:
 930    //
 931    // ```js
 932    // {
 933    //   selector: "#foo",
 934    //   regionClass: MyCustomRegion
 935    // }
 936    // ```
 937    //
 938    buildRegion: function(regionConfig, defaultRegionClass) {
 939      var regionIsString = _.isString(regionConfig);
 940      var regionSelectorIsString = _.isString(regionConfig.selector);
 941      var regionClassIsUndefined = _.isUndefined(regionConfig.regionClass);
 942      var regionIsClass = _.isFunction(regionConfig);
 943  
 944      if (!regionIsClass && !regionIsString && !regionSelectorIsString) {
 945        throwError('Region must be specified as a Region class,' +
 946          'a selector string or an object with selector property');
 947      }
 948  
 949      var selector, RegionClass;
 950  
 951      // get the selector for the region
 952  
 953      if (regionIsString) {
 954        selector = regionConfig;
 955      }
 956  
 957      if (regionConfig.selector) {
 958        selector = regionConfig.selector;
 959        delete regionConfig.selector;
 960      }
 961  
 962      // get the class for the region
 963  
 964      if (regionIsClass) {
 965        RegionClass = regionConfig;
 966      }
 967  
 968      if (!regionIsClass && regionClassIsUndefined) {
 969        RegionClass = defaultRegionClass;
 970      }
 971  
 972      if (regionConfig.regionClass) {
 973        RegionClass = regionConfig.regionClass;
 974        delete regionConfig.regionClass;
 975      }
 976  
 977      if (regionIsString || regionIsClass) {
 978        regionConfig = {};
 979      }
 980  
 981      regionConfig.el = selector;
 982  
 983      // build the region instance
 984      var region = new RegionClass(regionConfig);
 985  
 986      // override the `getEl` function if we have a parentEl
 987      // this must be overridden to ensure the selector is found
 988      // on the first use of the region. if we try to assign the
 989      // region's `el` to `parentEl.find(selector)` in the object
 990      // literal to build the region, the element will not be
 991      // guaranteed to be in the DOM already, and will cause problems
 992      if (regionConfig.parentEl) {
 993        region.getEl = function(el) {
 994          if (_.isObject(el)) {
 995            return Backbone.$(el);
 996          }
 997          var parentEl = regionConfig.parentEl;
 998          if (_.isFunction(parentEl)) {
 999            parentEl = parentEl();
1000          }
1001          return parentEl.find(el);
1002        };
1003      }
1004  
1005      return region;
1006    }
1007  
1008  });
1009  
1010  // Region Instance Methods
1011  // -----------------------
1012  
1013  _.extend(Marionette.Region.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
1014  
1015    // Displays a backbone view instance inside of the region.
1016    // Handles calling the `render` method for you. Reads content
1017    // directly from the `el` attribute. Also calls an optional
1018    // `onShow` and `onDestroy` method on your view, just after showing
1019    // or just before destroying the view, respectively.
1020    // The `preventDestroy` option can be used to prevent a view from
1021    // the old view being destroyed on show.
1022    // The `forceShow` option can be used to force a view to be
1023    // re-rendered if it's already shown in the region.
1024  
1025    show: function(view, options){
1026      this._ensureElement();
1027  
1028      var showOptions = options || {};
1029      var isDifferentView = view !== this.currentView;
1030      var preventDestroy =  !!showOptions.preventDestroy;
1031      var forceShow = !!showOptions.forceShow;
1032  
1033      // we are only changing the view if there is a view to change to begin with
1034      var isChangingView = !!this.currentView;
1035  
1036      // only destroy the view if we don't want to preventDestroy and the view is different
1037      var _shouldDestroyView = !preventDestroy && isDifferentView;
1038  
1039      if (_shouldDestroyView) {
1040        this.empty();
1041      }
1042  
1043      // show the view if the view is different or if you want to re-show the view
1044      var _shouldShowView = isDifferentView || forceShow;
1045  
1046      if (_shouldShowView) {
1047        view.render();
1048  
1049        if (isChangingView) {
1050          this.triggerMethod('before:swap', view);
1051        }
1052  
1053        this.triggerMethod('before:show', view);
1054        this.triggerMethod.call(view, 'before:show');
1055  
1056        this.attachHtml(view);
1057        this.currentView = view;
1058  
1059        if (isChangingView) {
1060          this.triggerMethod('swap', view);
1061        }
1062  
1063        this.triggerMethod('show', view);
1064  
1065        if (_.isFunction(view.triggerMethod)) {
1066          view.triggerMethod('show');
1067        } else {
1068          this.triggerMethod.call(view, 'show');
1069        }
1070  
1071        return this;
1072      }
1073  
1074      return this;
1075    },
1076  
1077    _ensureElement: function(){
1078      if (!_.isObject(this.el)) {
1079        this.$el = this.getEl(this.el);
1080        this.el = this.$el[0];
1081      }
1082  
1083      if (!this.$el || this.$el.length === 0) {
1084        throwError('An "el" ' + this.$el.selector + ' must exist in DOM');
1085      }
1086    },
1087  
1088    // Override this method to change how the region finds the
1089    // DOM element that it manages. Return a jQuery selector object.
1090    getEl: function(el) {
1091      return Backbone.$(el);
1092    },
1093  
1094    // Override this method to change how the new view is
1095    // appended to the `$el` that the region is managing
1096    attachHtml: function(view) {
1097      // empty the node and append new view
1098      this.el.innerHTML='';
1099      this.el.appendChild(view.el);
1100    },
1101  
1102    // Destroy the current view, if there is one. If there is no
1103    // current view, it does nothing and returns immediately.
1104    empty: function() {
1105      var view = this.currentView;
1106      if (!view || view.isDestroyed) { return; }
1107  
1108      this.triggerMethod('before:empty', view);
1109  
1110      // call 'destroy' or 'remove', depending on which is found
1111      if (view.destroy) { view.destroy(); }
1112      else if (view.remove) { view.remove(); }
1113  
1114      this.triggerMethod('empty', view);
1115  
1116      delete this.currentView;
1117    },
1118  
1119    // Attach an existing view to the region. This
1120    // will not call `render` or `onShow` for the new view,
1121    // and will not replace the current HTML for the `el`
1122    // of the region.
1123    attachView: function(view) {
1124      this.currentView = view;
1125    },
1126  
1127    // Reset the region by destroying any existing view and
1128    // clearing out the cached `$el`. The next time a view
1129    // is shown via this region, the region will re-query the
1130    // DOM for the region's `el`.
1131    reset: function() {
1132      this.empty();
1133  
1134      if (this.$el) {
1135        this.el = this.$el.selector;
1136      }
1137  
1138      delete this.$el;
1139    },
1140  
1141    // Proxy `getOption` to enable getting options from this or this.options by name.
1142    getOption: Marionette.proxyGetOption,
1143  
1144    // import the `triggerMethod` to trigger events with corresponding
1145    // methods if the method exists
1146    triggerMethod: Marionette.triggerMethod
1147  });
1148  
1149  // Copy the `extend` function used by Backbone's classes
1150  Marionette.Region.extend = Marionette.extend;
1151  
1152  // Marionette.RegionManager
1153  // ------------------------
1154  //
1155  // Manage one or more related `Marionette.Region` objects.
1156  Marionette.RegionManager = (function(Marionette) {
1157  
1158    var RegionManager = Marionette.Controller.extend({
1159      constructor: function(options) {
1160        this._regions = {};
1161        Marionette.Controller.call(this, options);
1162      },
1163  
1164      // Add multiple regions using an object literal, where
1165      // each key becomes the region name, and each value is
1166      // the region definition.
1167      addRegions: function(regionDefinitions, defaults) {
1168        var regions = {};
1169  
1170        _.each(regionDefinitions, function(definition, name) {
1171          if (_.isString(definition)) {
1172            definition = {selector: definition};
1173          }
1174  
1175          if (definition.selector) {
1176            definition = _.defaults({}, definition, defaults);
1177          }
1178  
1179          var region = this.addRegion(name, definition);
1180          regions[name] = region;
1181        }, this);
1182  
1183        return regions;
1184      },
1185  
1186      // Add an individual region to the region manager,
1187      // and return the region instance
1188      addRegion: function(name, definition) {
1189        var region;
1190  
1191        var isObject = _.isObject(definition);
1192        var isString = _.isString(definition);
1193        var hasSelector = !!definition.selector;
1194  
1195        if (isString || (isObject && hasSelector)) {
1196          region = Marionette.Region.buildRegion(definition, Marionette.Region);
1197        } else if (_.isFunction(definition)) {
1198          region = Marionette.Region.buildRegion(definition, Marionette.Region);
1199        } else {
1200          region = definition;
1201        }
1202  
1203        this.triggerMethod('before:add:region', name, region);
1204  
1205        this._store(name, region);
1206  
1207        this.triggerMethod('add:region', name, region);
1208        return region;
1209      },
1210  
1211      // Get a region by name
1212      get: function(name) {
1213        return this._regions[name];
1214      },
1215  
1216      // Gets all the regions contained within
1217      // the `regionManager` instance.
1218      getRegions: function(){
1219        return _.clone(this._regions);
1220      },
1221  
1222      // Remove a region by name
1223      removeRegion: function(name) {
1224        var region = this._regions[name];
1225        this._remove(name, region);
1226      },
1227  
1228      // Empty all regions in the region manager, and
1229      // remove them
1230      removeRegions: function() {
1231        _.each(this._regions, function(region, name) {
1232          this._remove(name, region);
1233        }, this);
1234      },
1235  
1236      // Empty all regions in the region manager, but
1237      // leave them attached
1238      emptyRegions: function() {
1239        _.each(this._regions, function(region) {
1240          region.empty();
1241        }, this);
1242      },
1243  
1244      // Destroy all regions and shut down the region
1245      // manager entirely
1246      destroy: function() {
1247        this.removeRegions();
1248        Marionette.Controller.prototype.destroy.apply(this, arguments);
1249      },
1250  
1251      // internal method to store regions
1252      _store: function(name, region) {
1253        this._regions[name] = region;
1254        this._setLength();
1255      },
1256  
1257      // internal method to remove a region
1258      _remove: function(name, region) {
1259        this.triggerMethod('before:remove:region', name, region);
1260        region.empty();
1261        region.stopListening();
1262        delete this._regions[name];
1263        this._setLength();
1264        this.triggerMethod('remove:region', name, region);
1265      },
1266  
1267      // set the number of regions current held
1268      _setLength: function() {
1269        this.length = _.size(this._regions);
1270      }
1271  
1272    });
1273  
1274    Marionette.actAsCollection(RegionManager.prototype, '_regions');
1275  
1276    return RegionManager;
1277  })(Marionette);
1278  
1279
1280  // Template Cache
1281  // --------------
1282  
1283  // Manage templates stored in `<script>` blocks,
1284  // caching them for faster access.
1285  Marionette.TemplateCache = function(templateId) {
1286    this.templateId = templateId;
1287  };
1288  
1289  // TemplateCache object-level methods. Manage the template
1290  // caches from these method calls instead of creating
1291  // your own TemplateCache instances
1292  _.extend(Marionette.TemplateCache, {
1293    templateCaches: {},
1294  
1295    // Get the specified template by id. Either
1296    // retrieves the cached version, or loads it
1297    // from the DOM.
1298    get: function(templateId) {
1299      var cachedTemplate = this.templateCaches[templateId];
1300  
1301      if (!cachedTemplate) {
1302        cachedTemplate = new Marionette.TemplateCache(templateId);
1303        this.templateCaches[templateId] = cachedTemplate;
1304      }
1305  
1306      return cachedTemplate.load();
1307    },
1308  
1309    // Clear templates from the cache. If no arguments
1310    // are specified, clears all templates:
1311    // `clear()`
1312    //
1313    // If arguments are specified, clears each of the
1314    // specified templates from the cache:
1315    // `clear("#t1", "#t2", "...")`
1316    clear: function() {
1317      var i;
1318      var args = slice.call(arguments);
1319      var length = args.length;
1320  
1321      if (length > 0) {
1322        for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
1323          delete this.templateCaches[args[i]];
1324        }
1325      } else {
1326        this.templateCaches = {};
1327      }
1328    }
1329  });
1330  
1331  // TemplateCache instance methods, allowing each
1332  // template cache object to manage its own state
1333  // and know whether or not it has been loaded
1334  _.extend(Marionette.TemplateCache.prototype, {
1335  
1336    // Internal method to load the template
1337    load: function() {
1338      // Guard clause to prevent loading this template more than once
1339      if (this.compiledTemplate) {
1340        return this.compiledTemplate;
1341      }
1342  
1343      // Load the template and compile it
1344      var template = this.loadTemplate(this.templateId);
1345      this.compiledTemplate = this.compileTemplate(template);
1346  
1347      return this.compiledTemplate;
1348    },
1349  
1350    // Load a template from the DOM, by default. Override
1351    // this method to provide your own template retrieval
1352    // For asynchronous loading with AMD/RequireJS, consider
1353    // using a template-loader plugin as described here:
1354    // https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.marionette/wiki/Using-marionette-with-requirejs
1355    loadTemplate: function(templateId) {
1356      var template = Backbone.$(templateId).html();
1357  
1358      if (!template || template.length === 0) {
1359        throwError('Could not find template: "' + templateId + '"', 'NoTemplateError');
1360      }
1361  
1362      return template;
1363    },
1364  
1365    // Pre-compile the template before caching it. Override
1366    // this method if you do not need to pre-compile a template
1367    // (JST / RequireJS for example) or if you want to change
1368    // the template engine used (Handebars, etc).
1369    compileTemplate: function(rawTemplate) {
1370      return _.template(rawTemplate);
1371    }
1372  });
1373  
1374  // Renderer
1375  // --------
1376  
1377  // Render a template with data by passing in the template
1378  // selector and the data to render.
1379  Marionette.Renderer = {
1380  
1381    // Render a template with data. The `template` parameter is
1382    // passed to the `TemplateCache` object to retrieve the
1383    // template function. Override this method to provide your own
1384    // custom rendering and template handling for all of Marionette.
1385    render: function(template, data) {
1386      if (!template) {
1387        throwError('Cannot render the template since its false, null or undefined.',
1388          'TemplateNotFoundError');
1389      }
1390  
1391      var templateFunc;
1392      if (typeof template === 'function') {
1393        templateFunc = template;
1394      } else {
1395        templateFunc = Marionette.TemplateCache.get(template);
1396      }
1397  
1398      return templateFunc(data);
1399    }
1400  };
1401  
1402
1403  /* jshint maxlen: 114, nonew: false */
1404  // Marionette.View
1405  // ---------------
1406  
1407  // The core view class that other Marionette views extend from.
1408  Marionette.View = Backbone.View.extend({
1409  
1410    constructor: function(options) {
1411      _.bindAll(this, 'render');
1412  
1413      // this exposes view options to the view initializer
1414      // this is a backfill since backbone removed the assignment
1415      // of this.options
1416      // at some point however this may be removed
1417      this.options = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'options'), _.isFunction(options) ? options.call(this) : options);
1418      // parses out the @ui DSL for events
1419      this.events = this.normalizeUIKeys(_.result(this, 'events'));
1420  
1421      if (_.isObject(this.behaviors)) {
1422        new Marionette.Behaviors(this);
1423      }
1424  
1425      Backbone.View.apply(this, arguments);
1426  
1427      Marionette.MonitorDOMRefresh(this);
1428      this.listenTo(this, 'show', this.onShowCalled);
1429    },
1430  
1431    // Get the template for this view
1432    // instance. You can set a `template` attribute in the view
1433    // definition or pass a `template: "whatever"` parameter in
1434    // to the constructor options.
1435    getTemplate: function() {
1436      return this.getOption('template');
1437    },
1438  
1439    // Mix in template helper methods. Looks for a
1440    // `templateHelpers` attribute, which can either be an
1441    // object literal, or a function that returns an object
1442    // literal. All methods and attributes from this object
1443    // are copies to the object passed in.
1444    mixinTemplateHelpers: function(target) {
1445      target = target || {};
1446      var templateHelpers = this.getOption('templateHelpers');
1447      if (_.isFunction(templateHelpers)) {
1448        templateHelpers = templateHelpers.call(this);
1449      }
1450      return _.extend(target, templateHelpers);
1451    },
1452  
1453  
1454    normalizeUIKeys: function(hash) {
1455      var ui = _.result(this, 'ui');
1456      var uiBindings = _.result(this, '_uiBindings');
1457      return Marionette.normalizeUIKeys(hash, uiBindings || ui);
1458    },
1459  
1460    // Configure `triggers` to forward DOM events to view
1461    // events. `triggers: {"click .foo": "do:foo"}`
1462    configureTriggers: function() {
1463      if (!this.triggers) { return; }
1464  
1465      var triggerEvents = {};
1466  
1467      // Allow `triggers` to be configured as a function
1468      var triggers = this.normalizeUIKeys(_.result(this, 'triggers'));
1469  
1470      // Configure the triggers, prevent default
1471      // action and stop propagation of DOM events
1472      _.each(triggers, function(value, key) {
1473  
1474        var hasOptions = _.isObject(value);
1475        var eventName = hasOptions ? value.event : value;
1476  
1477        // build the event handler function for the DOM event
1478        triggerEvents[key] = function(e) {
1479  
1480          // stop the event in its tracks
1481          if (e) {
1482            var prevent = e.preventDefault;
1483            var stop = e.stopPropagation;
1484  
1485            var shouldPrevent = hasOptions ? value.preventDefault : prevent;
1486            var shouldStop = hasOptions ? value.stopPropagation : stop;
1487  
1488            if (shouldPrevent && prevent) { prevent.apply(e); }
1489            if (shouldStop && stop) { stop.apply(e); }
1490          }
1491  
1492          // build the args for the event
1493          var args = {
1494            view: this,
1495            model: this.model,
1496            collection: this.collection
1497          };
1498  
1499          // trigger the event
1500          this.triggerMethod(eventName, args);
1501        };
1502  
1503      }, this);
1504  
1505      return triggerEvents;
1506    },
1507  
1508    // Overriding Backbone.View's delegateEvents to handle
1509    // the `triggers`, `modelEvents`, and `collectionEvents` configuration
1510    delegateEvents: function(events) {
1511      this._delegateDOMEvents(events);
1512      this.bindEntityEvents(this.model, this.getOption('modelEvents'));
1513      this.bindEntityEvents(this.collection, this.getOption('collectionEvents'));
1514    },
1515  
1516    // internal method to delegate DOM events and triggers
1517    _delegateDOMEvents: function(events) {
1518      events = events || this.events;
1519      if (_.isFunction(events)) { events = events.call(this); }
1520  
1521      // normalize ui keys
1522      events = this.normalizeUIKeys(events);
1523  
1524      var combinedEvents = {};
1525  
1526      // look up if this view has behavior events
1527      var behaviorEvents = _.result(this, 'behaviorEvents') || {};
1528      var triggers = this.configureTriggers();
1529  
1530      // behavior events will be overriden by view events and or triggers
1531      _.extend(combinedEvents, behaviorEvents, events, triggers);
1532  
1533      Backbone.View.prototype.delegateEvents.call(this, combinedEvents);
1534    },
1535  
1536    // Overriding Backbone.View's undelegateEvents to handle unbinding
1537    // the `triggers`, `modelEvents`, and `collectionEvents` config
1538    undelegateEvents: function() {
1539      var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
1540      Backbone.View.prototype.undelegateEvents.apply(this, args);
1541      this.unbindEntityEvents(this.model, this.getOption('modelEvents'));
1542      this.unbindEntityEvents(this.collection, this.getOption('collectionEvents'));
1543    },
1544  
1545    // Internal method, handles the `show` event.
1546    onShowCalled: function() {},
1547  
1548    // Internal helper method to verify whether the view hasn't been destroyed
1549    _ensureViewIsIntact: function() {
1550      if (this.isDestroyed) {
1551        var err = new Error('Cannot use a view thats already been destroyed.');
1552        err.name = 'ViewDestroyedError';
1553        throw err;
1554      }
1555    },
1556  
1557    // Default `destroy` implementation, for removing a view from the
1558    // DOM and unbinding it. Regions will call this method
1559    // for you. You can specify an `onDestroy` method in your view to
1560    // add custom code that is called after the view is destroyed.
1561    destroy: function() {
1562      if (this.isDestroyed) { return; }
1563  
1564      var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
1565  
1566      this.triggerMethod.apply(this, ['before:destroy'].concat(args));
1567  
1568      // mark as destroyed before doing the actual destroy, to
1569      // prevent infinite loops within "destroy" event handlers
1570      // that are trying to destroy other views
1571      this.isDestroyed = true;
1572      this.triggerMethod.apply(this, ['destroy'].concat(args));
1573  
1574      // unbind UI elements
1575      this.unbindUIElements();
1576  
1577      // remove the view from the DOM
1578      this.remove();
1579    },
1580  
1581    // This method binds the elements specified in the "ui" hash inside the view's code with
1582    // the associated jQuery selectors.
1583    bindUIElements: function() {
1584      if (!this.ui) { return; }
1585  
1586      // store the ui hash in _uiBindings so they can be reset later
1587      // and so re-rendering the view will be able to find the bindings
1588      if (!this._uiBindings) {
1589        this._uiBindings = this.ui;
1590      }
1591  
1592      // get the bindings result, as a function or otherwise
1593      var bindings = _.result(this, '_uiBindings');
1594  
1595      // empty the ui so we don't have anything to start with
1596      this.ui = {};
1597  
1598      // bind each of the selectors
1599      _.each(_.keys(bindings), function(key) {
1600        var selector = bindings[key];
1601        this.ui[key] = this.$(selector);
1602      }, this);
1603    },
1604  
1605    // This method unbinds the elements specified in the "ui" hash
1606    unbindUIElements: function() {
1607      if (!this.ui || !this._uiBindings) { return; }
1608  
1609      // delete all of the existing ui bindings
1610      _.each(this.ui, function($el, name) {
1611        delete this.ui[name];
1612      }, this);
1613  
1614      // reset the ui element to the original bindings configuration
1615      this.ui = this._uiBindings;
1616      delete this._uiBindings;
1617    },
1618  
1619    // import the `triggerMethod` to trigger events with corresponding
1620    // methods if the method exists
1621    triggerMethod: Marionette.triggerMethod,
1622  
1623    // Imports the "normalizeMethods" to transform hashes of
1624    // events=>function references/names to a hash of events=>function references
1625    normalizeMethods: Marionette.normalizeMethods,
1626  
1627    // Proxy `getOption` to enable getting options from this or this.options by name.
1628    getOption: Marionette.proxyGetOption,
1629  
1630    // Proxy `unbindEntityEvents` to enable binding view's events from another entity.
1631    bindEntityEvents: Marionette.proxyBindEntityEvents,
1632  
1633    // Proxy `unbindEntityEvents` to enable unbinding view's events from another entity.
1634    unbindEntityEvents: Marionette.proxyUnbindEntityEvents
1635  });
1636  
1637  // Item View
1638  // ---------
1639  
1640  // A single item view implementation that contains code for rendering
1641  // with underscore.js templates, serializing the view's model or collection,
1642  // and calling several methods on extended views, such as `onRender`.
1643  Marionette.ItemView = Marionette.View.extend({
1644  
1645    // Setting up the inheritance chain which allows changes to
1646    // Marionette.View.prototype.constructor which allows overriding
1647    constructor: function() {
1648      Marionette.View.apply(this, arguments);
1649    },
1650  
1651    // Serialize the model or collection for the view. If a model is
1652    // found, `.toJSON()` is called. If a collection is found, `.toJSON()`
1653    // is also called, but is used to populate an `items` array in the
1654    // resulting data. If both are found, defaults to the model.
1655    // You can override the `serializeData` method in your own view
1656    // definition, to provide custom serialization for your view's data.
1657    serializeData: function() {
1658      var data = {};
1659  
1660      if (this.model) {
1661        data = this.model.toJSON();
1662      }
1663      else if (this.collection) {
1664        data = {items: this.collection.toJSON()};
1665      }
1666  
1667      return data;
1668    },
1669  
1670    // Render the view, defaulting to underscore.js templates.
1671    // You can override this in your view definition to provide
1672    // a very specific rendering for your view. In general, though,
1673    // you should override the `Marionette.Renderer` object to
1674    // change how Marionette renders views.
1675    render: function() {
1676      this._ensureViewIsIntact();
1677  
1678      this.triggerMethod('before:render', this);
1679  
1680      var data = this.serializeData();
1681      data = this.mixinTemplateHelpers(data);
1682  
1683      var template = this.getTemplate();
1684      var html = Marionette.Renderer.render(template, data);
1685      this.attachElContent(html);
1686      this.bindUIElements();
1687  
1688      this.triggerMethod('render', this);
1689  
1690      return this;
1691    },
1692  
1693    // Attaches the content of a given view.
1694    // This method can be overriden to optimize rendering,
1695    // or to render in a non standard way.
1696    //
1697    // For example, using `innerHTML` instead of `$el.html`
1698    //
1699    // ```js
1700    // attachElContent: function(html) {
1701    //   this.el.innerHTML = html;
1702    //   return this;
1703    // }
1704    // ```
1705    attachElContent: function(html) {
1706      this.$el.html(html);
1707  
1708      return this;
1709    },
1710  
1711    // Override the default destroy event to add a few
1712    // more events that are triggered.
1713    destroy: function() {
1714      if (this.isDestroyed) { return; }
1715  
1716      Marionette.View.prototype.destroy.apply(this, arguments);
1717    }
1718  });
1719  
1720  /* jshint maxstatements: 14 */
1721  
1722  // Collection View
1723  // ---------------
1724  
1725  // A view that iterates over a Backbone.Collection
1726  // and renders an individual child view for each model.
1727  Marionette.CollectionView = Marionette.View.extend({
1728  
1729    // used as the prefix for child view events
1730    // that are forwarded through the collectionview
1731    childViewEventPrefix: 'childview',
1732  
1733    // constructor
1734    // option to pass `{sort: false}` to prevent the `CollectionView` from
1735    // maintaining the sorted order of the collection.
1736    // This will fallback onto appending childView's to the end.
1737    constructor: function(options){
1738      var initOptions = options || {};
1739      this.sort = _.isUndefined(initOptions.sort) ? true : initOptions.sort;
1740  
1741      this._initChildViewStorage();
1742  
1743      Marionette.View.apply(this, arguments);
1744  
1745      this._initialEvents();
1746      this.initRenderBuffer();
1747    },
1748  
1749    // Instead of inserting elements one by one into the page,
1750    // it's much more performant to insert elements into a document
1751    // fragment and then insert that document fragment into the page
1752    initRenderBuffer: function() {
1753      this.elBuffer = document.createDocumentFragment();
1754      this._bufferedChildren = [];
1755    },
1756  
1757    startBuffering: function() {
1758      this.initRenderBuffer();
1759      this.isBuffering = true;
1760    },
1761  
1762    endBuffering: function() {
1763      this.isBuffering = false;
1764      this._triggerBeforeShowBufferedChildren();
1765      this.attachBuffer(this, this.elBuffer);
1766      this._triggerShowBufferedChildren();
1767      this.initRenderBuffer();
1768    },
1769  
1770    _triggerBeforeShowBufferedChildren: function() {
1771      if (this._isShown) {
1772        _.invoke(this._bufferedChildren, 'triggerMethod', 'before:show');
1773      }
1774    },
1775  
1776    _triggerShowBufferedChildren: function() {
1777      if (this._isShown) {
1778        _.each(this._bufferedChildren, function (child) {
1779          if (_.isFunction(child.triggerMethod)) {
1780            child.triggerMethod('show');
1781          } else {
1782            Marionette.triggerMethod.call(child, 'show');
1783          }
1784        });
1785        this._bufferedChildren = [];
1786      }
1787    },
1788  
1789    // Configured the initial events that the collection view
1790    // binds to.
1791    _initialEvents: function() {
1792      if (this.collection) {
1793        this.listenTo(this.collection, 'add', this._onCollectionAdd);
1794        this.listenTo(this.collection, 'remove', this._onCollectionRemove);
1795        this.listenTo(this.collection, 'reset', this.render);
1796  
1797        if (this.sort) {
1798          this.listenTo(this.collection, 'sort', this._sortViews);
1799        }
1800      }
1801    },
1802  
1803    // Handle a child added to the collection
1804    _onCollectionAdd: function(child, collection, options) {
1805      this.destroyEmptyView();
1806      var ChildView = this.getChildView(child);
1807      var index = this.collection.indexOf(child);
1808      this.addChild(child, ChildView, index);
1809    },
1810  
1811    // get the child view by model it holds, and remove it
1812    _onCollectionRemove: function(model) {
1813      var view = this.children.findByModel(model);
1814      this.removeChildView(view);
1815      this.checkEmpty();
1816    },
1817  
1818    // Override from `Marionette.View` to trigger show on child views
1819    onShowCalled: function(){
1820      this.children.each(function(child){
1821        if (_.isFunction(child.triggerMethod)) {
1822          child.triggerMethod('show');
1823        } else {
1824          Marionette.triggerMethod.call(child, 'show');
1825        }
1826      });
1827    },
1828  
1829    // Render children views. Override this method to
1830    // provide your own implementation of a render function for
1831    // the collection view.
1832    render: function() {
1833      this._ensureViewIsIntact();
1834      this.triggerMethod('before:render', this);
1835      this._renderChildren();
1836      this.triggerMethod('render', this);
1837      return this;
1838    },
1839  
1840    // Internal method. This checks for any changes in the order of the collection.
1841    // If the index of any view doesn't match, it will render.
1842    _sortViews: function(){
1843      // check for any changes in sort order of views
1844      var orderChanged = this.collection.find(function(item, index){
1845        var view = this.children.findByModel(item);
1846        return view && view._index !== index;
1847      }, this);
1848  
1849      if (orderChanged) {
1850        this.render();
1851      }
1852    },
1853  
1854    // Internal method. Separated so that CompositeView can have
1855    // more control over events being triggered, around the rendering
1856    // process
1857    _renderChildren: function() {
1858      this.startBuffering();
1859  
1860      this.destroyEmptyView();
1861      this.destroyChildren();
1862  
1863      if (!this.isEmpty(this.collection)) {
1864        this.triggerMethod('before:render:collection', this);
1865        this.showCollection();
1866        this.triggerMethod('render:collection', this);
1867      } else {
1868        this.showEmptyView();
1869      }
1870  
1871      this.endBuffering();
1872    },
1873  
1874    // Internal method to loop through collection and show each child view.
1875    showCollection: function() {
1876      var ChildView;
1877      this.collection.each(function(child, index) {
1878        ChildView = this.getChildView(child);
1879        this.addChild(child, ChildView, index);
1880      }, this);
1881    },
1882  
1883    // Internal method to show an empty view in place of
1884    // a collection of child views, when the collection is empty
1885    showEmptyView: function() {
1886      var EmptyView = this.getEmptyView();
1887  
1888      if (EmptyView && !this._showingEmptyView) {
1889        this.triggerMethod('before:render:empty');
1890  
1891        this._showingEmptyView = true;
1892        var model = new Backbone.Model();
1893        this.addEmptyView(model, EmptyView);
1894  
1895        this.triggerMethod('render:empty');
1896      }
1897    },
1898  
1899    // Internal method to destroy an existing emptyView instance
1900    // if one exists. Called when a collection view has been
1901    // rendered empty, and then a child is added to the collection.
1902    destroyEmptyView: function() {
1903      if (this._showingEmptyView) {
1904        this.destroyChildren();
1905        delete this._showingEmptyView;
1906      }
1907    },
1908  
1909    // Retrieve the empty view class
1910    getEmptyView: function() {
1911      return this.getOption('emptyView');
1912    },
1913  
1914    // Render and show the emptyView. Similar to addChild method
1915    // but "child:added" events are not fired, and the event from
1916    // emptyView are not forwarded
1917    addEmptyView: function(child, EmptyView){
1918  
1919      // get the emptyViewOptions, falling back to childViewOptions
1920      var emptyViewOptions = this.getOption('emptyViewOptions') ||
1921                            this.getOption('childViewOptions');
1922  
1923      if (_.isFunction(emptyViewOptions)){
1924        emptyViewOptions = emptyViewOptions.call(this);
1925      }
1926  
1927      // build the empty view
1928      var view = this.buildChildView(child, EmptyView, emptyViewOptions);
1929  
1930      // trigger the 'before:show' event on `view` if the collection view
1931      // has already been shown
1932      if (this._isShown){
1933        this.triggerMethod.call(view, 'before:show');
1934      }
1935  
1936      // Store the `emptyView` like a `childView` so we can properly
1937      // remove and/or close it later
1938      this.children.add(view);
1939  
1940      // Render it and show it
1941      this.renderChildView(view, -1);
1942  
1943      // call the 'show' method if the collection view
1944      // has already been shown
1945      if (this._isShown){
1946        this.triggerMethod.call(view, 'show');
1947      }
1948    },
1949  
1950    // Retrieve the childView class, either from `this.options.childView`
1951    // or from the `childView` in the object definition. The "options"
1952    // takes precedence.
1953    getChildView: function(child) {
1954      var childView = this.getOption('childView');
1955  
1956      if (!childView) {
1957        throwError('A "childView" must be specified', 'NoChildViewError');
1958      }
1959  
1960      return childView;
1961    },
1962  
1963    // Render the child's view and add it to the
1964    // HTML for the collection view at a given index.
1965    // This will also update the indices of later views in the collection
1966    // in order to keep the children in sync with the collection.
1967    addChild: function(child, ChildView, index) {
1968      var childViewOptions = this.getOption('childViewOptions');
1969      if (_.isFunction(childViewOptions)) {
1970        childViewOptions = childViewOptions.call(this, child, index);
1971      }
1972  
1973      var view = this.buildChildView(child, ChildView, childViewOptions);
1974  
1975      // increment indices of views after this one
1976      this._updateIndices(view, true, index);
1977  
1978      this._addChildView(view, index);
1979  
1980      return view;
1981    },
1982  
1983    // Internal method. This decrements or increments the indices of views after the
1984    // added/removed view to keep in sync with the collection.
1985    _updateIndices: function(view, increment, index) {
1986      if (!this.sort) {
1987        return;
1988      }
1989  
1990      if (increment) {
1991        // assign the index to the view
1992        view._index = index;
1993  
1994        // increment the index of views after this one
1995        this.children.each(function (laterView) {
1996          if (laterView._index >= view._index) {
1997            laterView._index++;
1998          }
1999        });
2000      }
2001      else {
2002        // decrement the index of views after this one
2003        this.children.each(function (laterView) {
2004          if (laterView._index >= view._index) {
2005            laterView._index--;
2006          }
2007        });
2008      }
2009    },
2010  
2011  
2012    // Internal Method. Add the view to children and render it at
2013    // the given index.
2014    _addChildView: function(view, index) {
2015      // set up the child view event forwarding
2016      this.proxyChildEvents(view);
2017  
2018      this.triggerMethod('before:add:child', view);
2019  
2020      // Store the child view itself so we can properly
2021      // remove and/or destroy it later
2022      this.children.add(view);
2023      this.renderChildView(view, index);
2024  
2025      if (this._isShown && !this.isBuffering){
2026        if (_.isFunction(view.triggerMethod)) {
2027          view.triggerMethod('show');
2028        } else {
2029          Marionette.triggerMethod.call(view, 'show');
2030        }
2031      }
2032  
2033      this.triggerMethod('add:child', view);
2034    },
2035  
2036    // render the child view
2037    renderChildView: function(view, index) {
2038      view.render();
2039      this.attachHtml(this, view, index);
2040    },
2041  
2042    // Build a `childView` for a model in the collection.
2043    buildChildView: function(child, ChildViewClass, childViewOptions) {
2044      var options = _.extend({model: child}, childViewOptions);
2045      return new ChildViewClass(options);
2046    },
2047  
2048    // Remove the child view and destroy it.
2049    // This function also updates the indices of
2050    // later views in the collection in order to keep
2051    // the children in sync with the collection.
2052    removeChildView: function(view) {
2053  
2054      if (view) {
2055        this.triggerMethod('before:remove:child', view);
2056        // call 'destroy' or 'remove', depending on which is found
2057        if (view.destroy) { view.destroy(); }
2058        else if (view.remove) { view.remove(); }
2059  
2060        this.stopListening(view);
2061        this.children.remove(view);
2062        this.triggerMethod('remove:child', view);
2063  
2064        // decrement the index of views after this one
2065        this._updateIndices(view, false);
2066      }
2067  
2068    },
2069  
2070    // check if the collection is empty
2071    isEmpty: function(collection) {
2072      return !this.collection || this.collection.length === 0;
2073    },
2074  
2075    // If empty, show the empty view
2076    checkEmpty: function() {
2077      if (this.isEmpty(this.collection)) {
2078        this.showEmptyView();
2079      }
2080    },
2081  
2082    // You might need to override this if you've overridden attachHtml
2083    attachBuffer: function(collectionView, buffer) {
2084      collectionView.$el.append(buffer);
2085    },
2086  
2087    // Append the HTML to the collection's `el`.
2088    // Override this method to do something other
2089    // than `.append`.
2090    attachHtml: function(collectionView, childView, index) {
2091      if (collectionView.isBuffering) {
2092        // buffering happens on reset events and initial renders
2093        // in order to reduce the number of inserts into the
2094        // document, which are expensive.
2095        collectionView.elBuffer.appendChild(childView.el);
2096        collectionView._bufferedChildren.push(childView);
2097      }
2098      else {
2099        // If we've already rendered the main collection, append
2100        // the new child into the correct order if we need to. Otherwise
2101        // append to the end.
2102        if (!collectionView._insertBefore(childView, index)){
2103          collectionView._insertAfter(childView);
2104        }
2105      }
2106    },
2107  
2108    // Internal method. Check whether we need to insert the view into
2109    // the correct position.
2110    _insertBefore: function(childView, index) {
2111      var currentView;
2112      var findPosition = this.sort && (index < this.children.length - 1);
2113      if (findPosition) {
2114        // Find the view after this one
2115        currentView = this.children.find(function (view) {
2116          return view._index === index + 1;
2117        });
2118      }
2119  
2120      if (currentView) {
2121        currentView.$el.before(childView.el);
2122        return true;
2123      }
2124  
2125      return false;
2126    },
2127  
2128    // Internal method. Append a view to the end of the $el
2129    _insertAfter: function(childView) {
2130      this.$el.append(childView.el);
2131    },
2132  
2133    // Internal method to set up the `children` object for
2134    // storing all of the child views
2135    _initChildViewStorage: function() {
2136      this.children = new Backbone.ChildViewContainer();
2137    },
2138  
2139    // Handle cleanup and other destroying needs for the collection of views
2140    destroy: function() {
2141      if (this.isDestroyed) { return; }
2142  
2143      this.triggerMethod('before:destroy:collection');
2144      this.destroyChildren();
2145      this.triggerMethod('destroy:collection');
2146  
2147      Marionette.View.prototype.destroy.apply(this, arguments);
2148    },
2149  
2150    // Destroy the child views that this collection view
2151    // is holding on to, if any
2152    destroyChildren: function() {
2153      this.children.each(this.removeChildView, this);
2154      this.checkEmpty();
2155    },
2156  
2157    // Set up the child view event forwarding. Uses a "childview:"
2158    // prefix in front of all forwarded events.
2159    proxyChildEvents: function(view) {
2160      var prefix = this.getOption('childViewEventPrefix');
2161  
2162      // Forward all child view events through the parent,
2163      // prepending "childview:" to the event name
2164      this.listenTo(view, 'all', function() {
2165        var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
2166        var rootEvent = args[0];
2167        var childEvents = this.normalizeMethods(_.result(this, 'childEvents'));
2168  
2169        args[0] = prefix + ':' + rootEvent;
2170        args.splice(1, 0, view);
2171  
2172        // call collectionView childEvent if defined
2173        if (typeof childEvents !== 'undefined' && _.isFunction(childEvents[rootEvent])) {
2174          childEvents[rootEvent].apply(this, args.slice(1));
2175        }
2176  
2177        this.triggerMethod.apply(this, args);
2178      }, this);
2179    }
2180  });
2181  
2182  /* jshint maxstatements: 17, maxlen: 117 */
2183  
2184  // Composite View
2185  // --------------
2186  
2187  // Used for rendering a branch-leaf, hierarchical structure.
2188  // Extends directly from CollectionView and also renders an
2189  // a child view as `modelView`, for the top leaf
2190  Marionette.CompositeView = Marionette.CollectionView.extend({
2191  
2192    // Setting up the inheritance chain which allows changes to
2193    // Marionette.CollectionView.prototype.constructor which allows overriding
2194    // option to pass '{sort: false}' to prevent the CompositeView from
2195    // maintaining the sorted order of the collection.
2196    // This will fallback onto appending childView's to the end.
2197    constructor: function() {
2198      Marionette.CollectionView.apply(this, arguments);
2199    },
2200  
2201    // Configured the initial events that the composite view
2202    // binds to. Override this method to prevent the initial
2203    // events, or to add your own initial events.
2204    _initialEvents: function() {
2205  
2206      // Bind only after composite view is rendered to avoid adding child views
2207      // to nonexistent childViewContainer
2208      this.once('render', function() {
2209        if (this.collection) {
2210          this.listenTo(this.collection, 'add', this._onCollectionAdd);
2211          this.listenTo(this.collection, 'remove', this._onCollectionRemove);
2212          this.listenTo(this.collection, 'reset', this._renderChildren);
2213  
2214          if (this.sort) {
2215            this.listenTo(this.collection, 'sort', this._sortViews);
2216          }
2217        }
2218      });
2219  
2220    },
2221  
2222    // Retrieve the `childView` to be used when rendering each of
2223    // the items in the collection. The default is to return
2224    // `this.childView` or Marionette.CompositeView if no `childView`
2225    // has been defined
2226    getChildView: function(child) {
2227      var childView = this.getOption('childView') || this.constructor;
2228  
2229      if (!childView) {
2230        throwError('A "childView" must be specified', 'NoChildViewError');
2231      }
2232  
2233      return childView;
2234    },
2235  
2236    // Serialize the collection for the view.
2237    // You can override the `serializeData` method in your own view
2238    // definition, to provide custom serialization for your view's data.
2239    serializeData: function() {
2240      var data = {};
2241  
2242      if (this.model) {
2243        data = this.model.toJSON();
2244      }
2245  
2246      return data;
2247    },
2248  
2249    // Renders the model once, and the collection once. Calling
2250    // this again will tell the model's view to re-render itself
2251    // but the collection will not re-render.
2252    render: function() {
2253      this._ensureViewIsIntact();
2254      this.isRendered = true;
2255      this.resetChildViewContainer();
2256  
2257      this.triggerMethod('before:render', this);
2258  
2259      this._renderRoot();
2260      this._renderChildren();
2261  
2262      this.triggerMethod('render', this);
2263      return this;
2264    },
2265  
2266    _renderChildren: function() {
2267      if (this.isRendered) {
2268        Marionette.CollectionView.prototype._renderChildren.call(this);
2269      }
2270    },
2271  
2272    // Render the root template that the children
2273    // views are appended to
2274    _renderRoot: function() {
2275      var data = {};
2276      data = this.serializeData();
2277      data = this.mixinTemplateHelpers(data);
2278  
2279      this.triggerMethod('before:render:template');
2280  
2281      var template = this.getTemplate();
2282      var html = Marionette.Renderer.render(template, data);
2283      this.attachElContent(html);
2284  
2285      // the ui bindings is done here and not at the end of render since they
2286      // will not be available until after the model is rendered, but should be
2287      // available before the collection is rendered.
2288      this.bindUIElements();
2289      this.triggerMethod('render:template');
2290    },
2291  
2292    // Attaches the content of the root.
2293    // This method can be overriden to optimize rendering,
2294    // or to render in a non standard way.
2295    //
2296    // For example, using `innerHTML` instead of `$el.html`
2297    //
2298    // ```js
2299    // attachElContent: function(html) {
2300    //   this.el.innerHTML = html;
2301    //   return this;
2302    // }
2303    // ```
2304    attachElContent: function(html) {
2305      this.$el.html(html);
2306  
2307      return this;
2308    },
2309  
2310    // You might need to override this if you've overridden attachHtml
2311    attachBuffer: function(compositeView, buffer) {
2312      var $container = this.getChildViewContainer(compositeView);
2313      $container.append(buffer);
2314    },
2315  
2316    // Internal method. Append a view to the end of the $el.
2317    // Overidden from CollectionView to ensure view is appended to
2318    // childViewContainer
2319    _insertAfter: function (childView) {
2320      var $container = this.getChildViewContainer(this);
2321      $container.append(childView.el);
2322    },
2323  
2324    // Internal method to ensure an `$childViewContainer` exists, for the
2325    // `attachHtml` method to use.
2326    getChildViewContainer: function(containerView) {
2327      if ('$childViewContainer' in containerView) {
2328        return containerView.$childViewContainer;
2329      }
2330  
2331      var container;
2332      var childViewContainer = Marionette.getOption(containerView, 'childViewContainer');
2333      if (childViewContainer) {
2334  
2335        var selector = _.isFunction(childViewContainer) ? childViewContainer.call(containerView) : childViewContainer;
2336  
2337        if (selector.charAt(0) === '@' && containerView.ui) {
2338          container = containerView.ui[selector.substr(4)];
2339        } else {
2340          container = containerView.$(selector);
2341        }
2342  
2343        if (container.length <= 0) {
2344          throwError('The specified "childViewContainer" was not found: ' +
2345            containerView.childViewContainer, 'ChildViewContainerMissingError');
2346        }
2347  
2348      } else {
2349        container = containerView.$el;
2350      }
2351  
2352      containerView.$childViewContainer = container;
2353      return container;
2354    },
2355  
2356    // Internal method to reset the `$childViewContainer` on render
2357    resetChildViewContainer: function() {
2358      if (this.$childViewContainer) {
2359        delete this.$childViewContainer;
2360      }
2361    }
2362  });
2363  
2364  // LayoutView
2365  // ----------
2366  
2367  // Used for managing application layoutViews, nested layoutViews and
2368  // multiple regions within an application or sub-application.
2369  //
2370  // A specialized view class that renders an area of HTML and then
2371  // attaches `Region` instances to the specified `regions`.
2372  // Used for composite view management and sub-application areas.
2373  Marionette.LayoutView = Marionette.ItemView.extend({
2374    regionClass: Marionette.Region,
2375  
2376    // Ensure the regions are available when the `initialize` method
2377    // is called.
2378    constructor: function(options) {
2379      options = options || {};
2380  
2381      this._firstRender = true;
2382      this._initializeRegions(options);
2383  
2384      Marionette.ItemView.call(this, options);
2385    },
2386  
2387    // LayoutView's render will use the existing region objects the
2388    // first time it is called. Subsequent calls will destroy the
2389    // views that the regions are showing and then reset the `el`
2390    // for the regions to the newly rendered DOM elements.
2391    render: function() {
2392      this._ensureViewIsIntact();
2393  
2394      if (this._firstRender) {
2395        // if this is the first render, don't do anything to
2396        // reset the regions
2397        this._firstRender = false;
2398      } else {
2399        // If this is not the first render call, then we need to
2400        // re-initialize the `el` for each region
2401        this._reInitializeRegions();
2402      }
2403  
2404      return Marionette.ItemView.prototype.render.apply(this, arguments);
2405    },
2406  
2407    // Handle destroying regions, and then destroy the view itself.
2408    destroy: function() {
2409      if (this.isDestroyed) { return; }
2410  
2411      this.regionManager.destroy();
2412      Marionette.ItemView.prototype.destroy.apply(this, arguments);
2413    },
2414  
2415    // Add a single region, by name, to the layoutView
2416    addRegion: function(name, definition) {
2417      this.triggerMethod('before:region:add', name);
2418      var regions = {};
2419      regions[name] = definition;
2420      return this._buildRegions(regions)[name];
2421    },
2422  
2423    // Add multiple regions as a {name: definition, name2: def2} object literal
2424    addRegions: function(regions) {
2425      this.regions = _.extend({}, this.regions, regions);
2426      return this._buildRegions(regions);
2427    },
2428  
2429    // Remove a single region from the LayoutView, by name
2430    removeRegion: function(name) {
2431      this.triggerMethod('before:region:remove', name);
2432      delete this.regions[name];
2433      return this.regionManager.removeRegion(name);
2434    },
2435  
2436    // Provides alternative access to regions
2437    // Accepts the region name
2438    // getRegion('main')
2439    getRegion: function(region) {
2440      return this.regionManager.get(region);
2441    },
2442  
2443    // Get all regions
2444    getRegions: function(){
2445      return this.regionManager.getRegions();
2446    },
2447  
2448    // internal method to build regions
2449    _buildRegions: function(regions) {
2450      var that = this;
2451  
2452      var defaults = {
2453        regionClass: this.getOption('regionClass'),
2454        parentEl: function() { return that.$el; }
2455      };
2456  
2457      return this.regionManager.addRegions(regions, defaults);
2458    },
2459  
2460    // Internal method to initialize the regions that have been defined in a
2461    // `regions` attribute on this layoutView.
2462    _initializeRegions: function(options) {
2463      var regions;
2464      this._initRegionManager();
2465  
2466      if (_.isFunction(this.regions)) {
2467        regions = this.regions(options);
2468      } else {
2469        regions = this.regions || {};
2470      }
2471  
2472      // Enable users to define `regions` as instance options.
2473      var regionOptions = this.getOption.call(options, 'regions');
2474  
2475      // enable region options to be a function
2476      if (_.isFunction(regionOptions)) {
2477        regionOptions = regionOptions.call(this, options);
2478      }
2479  
2480      _.extend(regions, regionOptions);
2481  
2482      this.addRegions(regions);
2483    },
2484  
2485    // Internal method to re-initialize all of the regions by updating the `el` that
2486    // they point to
2487    _reInitializeRegions: function() {
2488      this.regionManager.emptyRegions();
2489      this.regionManager.each(function(region) {
2490        region.reset();
2491      });
2492    },
2493  
2494    // Enable easy overiding of the default `RegionManager`
2495    // for customized region interactions and buisness specific
2496    // view logic for better control over single regions.
2497    getRegionManager: function() {
2498      return new Marionette.RegionManager();
2499    },
2500  
2501    // Internal method to initialize the region manager
2502    // and all regions in it
2503    _initRegionManager: function() {
2504      this.regionManager = this.getRegionManager();
2505  
2506      this.listenTo(this.regionManager, 'before:add:region', function(name) {
2507        this.triggerMethod('before:add:region', name);
2508      });
2509  
2510      this.listenTo(this.regionManager, 'add:region', function(name, region) {
2511        this[name] = region;
2512        this.triggerMethod('add:region', name, region);
2513      });
2514  
2515      this.listenTo(this.regionManager, 'before:remove:region', function(name) {
2516        this.triggerMethod('before:remove:region', name);
2517      });
2518  
2519      this.listenTo(this.regionManager, 'remove:region', function(name, region) {
2520        delete this[name];
2521        this.triggerMethod('remove:region', name, region);
2522      });
2523    }
2524  });
2525  
2526
2527  // Behavior
2528  // -----------
2529  
2530  // A Behavior is an isolated set of DOM /
2531  // user interactions that can be mixed into any View.
2532  // Behaviors allow you to blackbox View specific interactions
2533  // into portable logical chunks, keeping your views simple and your code DRY.
2534  
2535  Marionette.Behavior = (function(_, Backbone) {
2536    function Behavior(options, view) {
2537      // Setup reference to the view.
2538      // this comes in handle when a behavior
2539      // wants to directly talk up the chain
2540      // to the view.
2541      this.view = view;
2542      this.defaults = _.result(this, 'defaults') || {};
2543      this.options  = _.extend({}, this.defaults, options);
2544  
2545      // proxy behavior $ method to the view
2546      // this is useful for doing jquery DOM lookups
2547      // scoped to behaviors view.
2548      this.$ = function() {
2549        return this.view.$.apply(this.view, arguments);
2550      };
2551  
2552      // Call the initialize method passing
2553      // the arguments from the instance constructor
2554      this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
2555    }
2556  
2557    _.extend(Behavior.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
2558      initialize: function() {},
2559  
2560      // stopListening to behavior `onListen` events.
2561      destroy: function() {
2562        this.stopListening();
2563      },
2564  
2565      // import the `triggerMethod` to trigger events with corresponding
2566      // methods if the method exists
2567      triggerMethod: Marionette.triggerMethod,
2568  
2569      // Proxy `getOption` to enable getting options from this or this.options by name.
2570      getOption: Marionette.proxyGetOption,
2571  
2572      // Proxy `unbindEntityEvents` to enable binding view's events from another entity.
2573      bindEntityEvents: Marionette.proxyBindEntityEvents,
2574  
2575      // Proxy `unbindEntityEvents` to enable unbinding view's events from another entity.
2576      unbindEntityEvents: Marionette.proxyUnbindEntityEvents
2577    });
2578  
2579    // Borrow Backbones extend implementation
2580    // this allows us to setup a proper
2581    // inheritence pattern that follow in suite
2582    // with the rest of Marionette views.
2583    Behavior.extend = Marionette.extend;
2584  
2585    return Behavior;
2586  })(_, Backbone);
2587  
2588  /* jshint maxlen: 143, nonew: false */
2589  // Marionette.Behaviors
2590  // --------
2591  
2592  // Behaviors is a utility class that takes care of
2593  // glueing your behavior instances to their given View.
2594  // The most important part of this class is that you
2595  // **MUST** override the class level behaviorsLookup
2596  // method for things to work properly.
2597  
2598  Marionette.Behaviors = (function(Marionette, _) {
2599  
2600    function Behaviors(view, behaviors) {
2601      // Behaviors defined on a view can be a flat object literal
2602      // or it can be a function that returns an object.
2603      behaviors = Behaviors.parseBehaviors(view, behaviors || _.result(view, 'behaviors'));
2604  
2605      // Wraps several of the view's methods
2606      // calling the methods first on each behavior
2607      // and then eventually calling the method on the view.
2608      Behaviors.wrap(view, behaviors, [
2609        'bindUIElements', 'unbindUIElements',
2610        'delegateEvents', 'undelegateEvents',
2611        'behaviorEvents', 'triggerMethod',
2612        'setElement', 'destroy'
2613      ]);
2614    }
2615  
2616    var methods = {
2617      setElement: function(setElement, behaviors) {
2618        setElement.apply(this, _.tail(arguments, 2));
2619  
2620        // proxy behavior $el to the view's $el.
2621        // This is needed because a view's $el proxy
2622        // is not set until after setElement is called.
2623        _.each(behaviors, function(b) {
2624          b.$el = this.$el;
2625        }, this);
2626      },
2627  
2628      destroy: function(destroy, behaviors) {
2629        var args = _.tail(arguments, 2);
2630        destroy.apply(this, args);
2631  
2632        // Call destroy on each behavior after
2633        // destroying the view.
2634        // This unbinds event listeners
2635        // that behaviors have registerd for.
2636        _.invoke(behaviors, 'destroy', args);
2637      },
2638  
2639      bindUIElements: function(bindUIElements, behaviors) {
2640        bindUIElements.apply(this);
2641        _.invoke(behaviors, bindUIElements);
2642      },
2643  
2644      unbindUIElements: function(unbindUIElements, behaviors) {
2645        unbindUIElements.apply(this);
2646        _.invoke(behaviors, unbindUIElements);
2647      },
2648  
2649      triggerMethod: function(triggerMethod, behaviors) {
2650        var args = _.tail(arguments, 2);
2651        triggerMethod.apply(this, args);
2652  
2653        _.each(behaviors, function(b) {
2654          triggerMethod.apply(b, args);
2655        });
2656      },
2657  
2658      delegateEvents: function(delegateEvents, behaviors) {
2659        var args = _.tail(arguments, 2);
2660        delegateEvents.apply(this, args);
2661  
2662        _.each(behaviors, function(b) {
2663          Marionette.bindEntityEvents(b, this.model, Marionette.getOption(b, 'modelEvents'));
2664          Marionette.bindEntityEvents(b, this.collection, Marionette.getOption(b, 'collectionEvents'));
2665        }, this);
2666      },
2667  
2668      undelegateEvents: function(undelegateEvents, behaviors) {
2669        var args = _.tail(arguments, 2);
2670        undelegateEvents.apply(this, args);
2671  
2672        _.each(behaviors, function(b) {
2673          Marionette.unbindEntityEvents(b, this.model, Marionette.getOption(b, 'modelEvents'));
2674          Marionette.unbindEntityEvents(b, this.collection, Marionette.getOption(b, 'collectionEvents'));
2675        }, this);
2676      },
2677  
2678      behaviorEvents: function(behaviorEvents, behaviors) {
2679        var _behaviorsEvents = {};
2680        var viewUI = _.result(this, 'ui');
2681  
2682        _.each(behaviors, function(b, i) {
2683          var _events = {};
2684          var behaviorEvents = _.clone(_.result(b, 'events')) || {};
2685          var behaviorUI = _.result(b, 'ui');
2686  
2687          // Construct an internal UI hash first using
2688          // the views UI hash and then the behaviors UI hash.
2689          // This allows the user to use UI hash elements
2690          // defined in the parent view as well as those
2691          // defined in the given behavior.
2692          var ui = _.extend({}, viewUI, behaviorUI);
2693  
2694          // Normalize behavior events hash to allow
2695          // a user to use the @ui. syntax.
2696          behaviorEvents = Marionette.normalizeUIKeys(behaviorEvents, ui);
2697  
2698          _.each(_.keys(behaviorEvents), function(key) {
2699            // Append white-space at the end of each key to prevent behavior key collisions.
2700            // This is relying on the fact that backbone events considers "click .foo" the same as
2701            // "click .foo ".
2702  
2703            // +2 is used because new Array(1) or 0 is "" and not " "
2704            var whitespace = (new Array(i + 2)).join(' ');
2705            var eventKey   = key + whitespace;
2706            var handler    = _.isFunction(behaviorEvents[key]) ? behaviorEvents[key] : b[behaviorEvents[key]];
2707  
2708            _events[eventKey] = _.bind(handler, b);
2709          });
2710  
2711          _behaviorsEvents = _.extend(_behaviorsEvents, _events);
2712        });
2713  
2714        return _behaviorsEvents;
2715      }
2716    };
2717  
2718    _.extend(Behaviors, {
2719  
2720      // Placeholder method to be extended by the user.
2721      // The method should define the object that stores the behaviors.
2722      // i.e.
2723      //
2724      // ```js
2725      // Marionette.Behaviors.behaviorsLookup: function() {
2726      //   return App.Behaviors
2727      // }
2728      // ```
2729      behaviorsLookup: function() {
2730        throw new Error('You must define where your behaviors are stored.' +
2731          'See https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.marionette' +
2732          '/blob/master/docs/marionette.behaviors.md#behaviorslookup');
2733      },
2734  
2735      // Takes care of getting the behavior class
2736      // given options and a key.
2737      // If a user passes in options.behaviorClass
2738      // default to using that. Otherwise delegate
2739      // the lookup to the users `behaviorsLookup` implementation.
2740      getBehaviorClass: function(options, key) {
2741        if (options.behaviorClass) {
2742          return options.behaviorClass;
2743        }
2744  
2745        // Get behavior class can be either a flat object or a method
2746        return _.isFunction(Behaviors.behaviorsLookup) ? Behaviors.behaviorsLookup.apply(this, arguments)[key] : Behaviors.behaviorsLookup[key];
2747      },
2748  
2749      // Iterate over the behaviors object, for each behavior
2750      // instantiate it and get its grouped behaviors.
2751      parseBehaviors: function(view, behaviors) {
2752        return _.chain(behaviors).map(function(options, key) {
2753          var BehaviorClass = Behaviors.getBehaviorClass(options, key);
2754  
2755          var behavior = new BehaviorClass(options, view);
2756          var nestedBehaviors = Behaviors.parseBehaviors(view, _.result(behavior, 'behaviors'));
2757  
2758          return [behavior].concat(nestedBehaviors);
2759        }).flatten().value();
2760      },
2761  
2762      // Wrap view internal methods so that they delegate to behaviors. For example,
2763      // `onDestroy` should trigger destroy on all of the behaviors and then destroy itself.
2764      // i.e.
2765      //
2766      // `view.delegateEvents = _.partial(methods.delegateEvents, view.delegateEvents, behaviors);`
2767      wrap: function(view, behaviors, methodNames) {
2768        _.each(methodNames, function(methodName) {
2769          view[methodName] = _.partial(methods[methodName], view[methodName], behaviors);
2770        });
2771      }
2772    });
2773  
2774    return Behaviors;
2775  
2776  })(Marionette, _);
2777  
2778
2779  // AppRouter
2780  // ---------
2781  
2782  // Reduce the boilerplate code of handling route events
2783  // and then calling a single method on another object.
2784  // Have your routers configured to call the method on
2785  // your object, directly.
2786  //
2787  // Configure an AppRouter with `appRoutes`.
2788  //
2789  // App routers can only take one `controller` object.
2790  // It is recommended that you divide your controller
2791  // objects in to smaller pieces of related functionality
2792  // and have multiple routers / controllers, instead of
2793  // just one giant router and controller.
2794  //
2795  // You can also add standard routes to an AppRouter.
2796  
2797  Marionette.AppRouter = Backbone.Router.extend({
2798  
2799    constructor: function(options) {
2800      Backbone.Router.apply(this, arguments);
2801  
2802      this.options = options || {};
2803  
2804      var appRoutes = this.getOption('appRoutes');
2805      var controller = this._getController();
2806      this.processAppRoutes(controller, appRoutes);
2807      this.on('route', this._processOnRoute, this);
2808    },
2809  
2810    // Similar to route method on a Backbone Router but
2811    // method is called on the controller
2812    appRoute: function(route, methodName) {
2813      var controller = this._getController();
2814      this._addAppRoute(controller, route, methodName);
2815    },
2816  
2817    // process the route event and trigger the onRoute
2818    // method call, if it exists
2819    _processOnRoute: function(routeName, routeArgs) {
2820      // find the path that matched
2821      var routePath = _.invert(this.appRoutes)[routeName];
2822  
2823      // make sure an onRoute is there, and call it
2824      if (_.isFunction(this.onRoute)) {
2825        this.onRoute(routeName, routePath, routeArgs);
2826      }
2827    },
2828  
2829    // Internal method to process the `appRoutes` for the
2830    // router, and turn them in to routes that trigger the
2831    // specified method on the specified `controller`.
2832    processAppRoutes: function(controller, appRoutes) {
2833      if (!appRoutes) { return; }
2834  
2835      var routeNames = _.keys(appRoutes).reverse(); // Backbone requires reverted order of routes
2836  
2837      _.each(routeNames, function(route) {
2838        this._addAppRoute(controller, route, appRoutes[route]);
2839      }, this);
2840    },
2841  
2842    _getController: function() {
2843      return this.getOption('controller');
2844    },
2845  
2846    _addAppRoute: function(controller, route, methodName) {
2847      var method = controller[methodName];
2848  
2849      if (!method) {
2850        throwError('Method "' + methodName + '" was not found on the controller');
2851      }
2852  
2853      this.route(route, methodName, _.bind(method, controller));
2854    },
2855  
2856    // Proxy `getOption` to enable getting options from this or this.options by name.
2857    getOption: Marionette.proxyGetOption
2858  });
2859  
2860  // Application
2861  // -----------
2862  
2863  // Contain and manage the composite application as a whole.
2864  // Stores and starts up `Region` objects, includes an
2865  // event aggregator as `app.vent`
2866  Marionette.Application = function(options) {
2867    this._initRegionManager();
2868    this._initCallbacks = new Marionette.Callbacks();
2869    var globalCh = Backbone.Wreqr.radio.channel('global');
2870    this.vent = globalCh.vent;
2871    this.commands = globalCh.commands;
2872    this.reqres = globalCh.reqres;
2873    this.submodules = {};
2874  
2875    _.extend(this, options);
2876  };
2877  
2878  _.extend(Marionette.Application.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
2879    // Command execution, facilitated by Backbone.Wreqr.Commands
2880    execute: function() {
2881      this.commands.execute.apply(this.commands, arguments);
2882    },
2883  
2884    // Request/response, facilitated by Backbone.Wreqr.RequestResponse
2885    request: function() {
2886      return this.reqres.request.apply(this.reqres, arguments);
2887    },
2888  
2889    // Add an initializer that is either run at when the `start`
2890    // method is called, or run immediately if added after `start`
2891    // has already been called.
2892    addInitializer: function(initializer) {
2893      this._initCallbacks.add(initializer);
2894    },
2895  
2896    // kick off all of the application's processes.
2897    // initializes all of the regions that have been added
2898    // to the app, and runs all of the initializer functions
2899    start: function(options) {
2900      this.triggerMethod('before:start', options);
2901      this._initCallbacks.run(options, this);
2902      this.triggerMethod('start', options);
2903    },
2904  
2905    // Add regions to your app.
2906    // Accepts a hash of named strings or Region objects
2907    // addRegions({something: "#someRegion"})
2908    // addRegions({something: Region.extend({el: "#someRegion"}) });
2909    addRegions: function(regions) {
2910      return this._regionManager.addRegions(regions);
2911    },
2912  
2913    // Empty all regions in the app, without removing them
2914    emptyRegions: function() {
2915      this._regionManager.emptyRegions();
2916    },
2917  
2918    // Removes a region from your app, by name
2919    // Accepts the regions name
2920    // removeRegion('myRegion')
2921    removeRegion: function(region) {
2922      this._regionManager.removeRegion(region);
2923    },
2924  
2925    // Provides alternative access to regions
2926    // Accepts the region name
2927    // getRegion('main')
2928    getRegion: function(region) {
2929      return this._regionManager.get(region);
2930    },
2931  
2932    // Get all the regions from the region manager
2933    getRegions: function(){
2934      return this._regionManager.getRegions();
2935    },
2936  
2937    // Create a module, attached to the application
2938    module: function(moduleNames, moduleDefinition) {
2939  
2940      // Overwrite the module class if the user specifies one
2941      var ModuleClass = Marionette.Module.getClass(moduleDefinition);
2942  
2943      // slice the args, and add this application object as the
2944      // first argument of the array
2945      var args = slice.call(arguments);
2946      args.unshift(this);
2947  
2948      // see the Marionette.Module object for more information
2949      return ModuleClass.create.apply(ModuleClass, args);
2950    },
2951  
2952    // Internal method to set up the region manager
2953    _initRegionManager: function() {
2954      this._regionManager = new Marionette.RegionManager();
2955  
2956      this.listenTo(this._regionManager, 'before:add:region', function(name) {
2957        this.triggerMethod('before:add:region', name);
2958      });
2959  
2960      this.listenTo(this._regionManager, 'add:region', function(name, region) {
2961        this[name] = region;
2962        this.triggerMethod('add:region', name, region);
2963      });
2964  
2965      this.listenTo(this._regionManager, 'before:remove:region', function(name) {
2966        this.triggerMethod('before:remove:region', name);
2967      });
2968  
2969      this.listenTo(this._regionManager, 'remove:region', function(name, region) {
2970        delete this[name];
2971        this.triggerMethod('remove:region', name, region);
2972      });
2973    },
2974  
2975    // import the `triggerMethod` to trigger events with corresponding
2976    // methods if the method exists
2977    triggerMethod: Marionette.triggerMethod
2978  });
2979  
2980  // Copy the `extend` function used by Backbone's classes
2981  Marionette.Application.extend = Marionette.extend;
2982  
2983  /* jshint maxparams: 9 */
2984  
2985  // Module
2986  // ------
2987  
2988  // A simple module system, used to create privacy and encapsulation in
2989  // Marionette applications
2990  Marionette.Module = function(moduleName, app, options) {
2991    this.moduleName = moduleName;
2992    this.options = _.extend({}, this.options, options);
2993    // Allow for a user to overide the initialize
2994    // for a given module instance.
2995    this.initialize = options.initialize || this.initialize;
2996  
2997    // Set up an internal store for sub-modules.
2998    this.submodules = {};
2999  
3000    this._setupInitializersAndFinalizers();
3001  
3002    // Set an internal reference to the app
3003    // within a module.
3004    this.app = app;
3005  
3006    // By default modules start with their parents.
3007    this.startWithParent = true;
3008  
3009    if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)) {
3010      this.initialize(moduleName, app, this.options);
3011    }
3012  };
3013  
3014  Marionette.Module.extend = Marionette.extend;
3015  
3016  // Extend the Module prototype with events / listenTo, so that the module
3017  // can be used as an event aggregator or pub/sub.
3018  _.extend(Marionette.Module.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
3019  
3020    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
3021    // initialization logic when extending Marionette.Module.
3022    initialize: function() {},
3023  
3024    // Initializer for a specific module. Initializers are run when the
3025    // module's `start` method is called.
3026    addInitializer: function(callback) {
3027      this._initializerCallbacks.add(callback);
3028    },
3029  
3030    // Finalizers are run when a module is stopped. They are used to teardown
3031    // and finalize any variables, references, events and other code that the
3032    // module had set up.
3033    addFinalizer: function(callback) {
3034      this._finalizerCallbacks.add(callback);
3035    },
3036  
3037    // Start the module, and run all of its initializers
3038    start: function(options) {
3039      // Prevent re-starting a module that is already started
3040      if (this._isInitialized) { return; }
3041  
3042      // start the sub-modules (depth-first hierarchy)
3043      _.each(this.submodules, function(mod) {
3044        // check to see if we should start the sub-module with this parent
3045        if (mod.startWithParent) {
3046          mod.start(options);
3047        }
3048      });
3049  
3050      // run the callbacks to "start" the current module
3051      this.triggerMethod('before:start', options);
3052  
3053      this._initializerCallbacks.run(options, this);
3054      this._isInitialized = true;
3055  
3056      this.triggerMethod('start', options);
3057    },
3058  
3059    // Stop this module by running its finalizers and then stop all of
3060    // the sub-modules for this module
3061    stop: function() {
3062      // if we are not initialized, don't bother finalizing
3063      if (!this._isInitialized) { return; }
3064      this._isInitialized = false;
3065  
3066      this.triggerMethod('before:stop');
3067  
3068      // stop the sub-modules; depth-first, to make sure the
3069      // sub-modules are stopped / finalized before parents
3070      _.each(this.submodules, function(mod) { mod.stop(); });
3071  
3072      // run the finalizers
3073      this._finalizerCallbacks.run(undefined, this);
3074  
3075      // reset the initializers and finalizers
3076      this._initializerCallbacks.reset();
3077      this._finalizerCallbacks.reset();
3078  
3079      this.triggerMethod('stop');
3080    },
3081  
3082    // Configure the module with a definition function and any custom args
3083    // that are to be passed in to the definition function
3084    addDefinition: function(moduleDefinition, customArgs) {
3085      this._runModuleDefinition(moduleDefinition, customArgs);
3086    },
3087  
3088    // Internal method: run the module definition function with the correct
3089    // arguments
3090    _runModuleDefinition: function(definition, customArgs) {
3091      // If there is no definition short circut the method.
3092      if (!definition) { return; }
3093  
3094      // build the correct list of arguments for the module definition
3095      var args = _.flatten([
3096        this,
3097        this.app,
3098        Backbone,
3099        Marionette,
3100        Backbone.$, _,
3101        customArgs
3102      ]);
3103  
3104      definition.apply(this, args);
3105    },
3106  
3107    // Internal method: set up new copies of initializers and finalizers.
3108    // Calling this method will wipe out all existing initializers and
3109    // finalizers.
3110    _setupInitializersAndFinalizers: function() {
3111      this._initializerCallbacks = new Marionette.Callbacks();
3112      this._finalizerCallbacks = new Marionette.Callbacks();
3113    },
3114  
3115    // import the `triggerMethod` to trigger events with corresponding
3116    // methods if the method exists
3117    triggerMethod: Marionette.triggerMethod
3118  });
3119  
3120  // Class methods to create modules
3121  _.extend(Marionette.Module, {
3122  
3123    // Create a module, hanging off the app parameter as the parent object.
3124    create: function(app, moduleNames, moduleDefinition) {
3125      var module = app;
3126  
3127      // get the custom args passed in after the module definition and
3128      // get rid of the module name and definition function
3129      var customArgs = slice.call(arguments);
3130      customArgs.splice(0, 3);
3131  
3132      // Split the module names and get the number of submodules.
3133      // i.e. an example module name of `Doge.Wow.Amaze` would
3134      // then have the potential for 3 module definitions.
3135      moduleNames = moduleNames.split('.');
3136      var length = moduleNames.length;
3137  
3138      // store the module definition for the last module in the chain
3139      var moduleDefinitions = [];
3140      moduleDefinitions[length - 1] = moduleDefinition;
3141  
3142      // Loop through all the parts of the module definition
3143      _.each(moduleNames, function(moduleName, i) {
3144        var parentModule = module;
3145        module = this._getModule(parentModule, moduleName, app, moduleDefinition);
3146        this._addModuleDefinition(parentModule, module, moduleDefinitions[i], customArgs);
3147      }, this);
3148  
3149      // Return the last module in the definition chain
3150      return module;
3151    },
3152  
3153    _getModule: function(parentModule, moduleName, app, def, args) {
3154      var options = _.extend({}, def);
3155      var ModuleClass = this.getClass(def);
3156  
3157      // Get an existing module of this name if we have one
3158      var module = parentModule[moduleName];
3159  
3160      if (!module) {
3161        // Create a new module if we don't have one
3162        module = new ModuleClass(moduleName, app, options);
3163        parentModule[moduleName] = module;
3164        // store the module on the parent
3165        parentModule.submodules[moduleName] = module;
3166      }
3167  
3168      return module;
3169    },
3170  
3171    // ## Module Classes
3172    //
3173    // Module classes can be used as an alternative to the define pattern.
3174    // The extend function of a Module is identical to the extend functions
3175    // on other Backbone and Marionette classes.
3176    // This allows module lifecyle events like `onStart` and `onStop` to be called directly.
3177    getClass: function(moduleDefinition) {
3178      var ModuleClass = Marionette.Module;
3179  
3180      if (!moduleDefinition) {
3181        return ModuleClass;
3182      }
3183  
3184      // If all of the module's functionality is defined inside its class,
3185      // then the class can be passed in directly. `MyApp.module("Foo", FooModule)`.
3186      if (moduleDefinition.prototype instanceof ModuleClass) {
3187        return moduleDefinition;
3188      }
3189  
3190      return moduleDefinition.moduleClass || ModuleClass;
3191    },
3192  
3193    // Add the module definition and add a startWithParent initializer function.
3194    // This is complicated because module definitions are heavily overloaded
3195    // and support an anonymous function, module class, or options object
3196    _addModuleDefinition: function(parentModule, module, def, args) {
3197      var fn = this._getDefine(def);
3198      var startWithParent = this._getStartWithParent(def, module);
3199  
3200      if (fn) {
3201        module.addDefinition(fn, args);
3202      }
3203  
3204      this._addStartWithParent(parentModule, module, startWithParent);
3205    },
3206  
3207    _getStartWithParent: function(def, module) {
3208      var swp;
3209  
3210      if (_.isFunction(def) && (def.prototype instanceof Marionette.Module)) {
3211        swp = module.constructor.prototype.startWithParent;
3212        return _.isUndefined(swp) ? true : swp;
3213      }
3214  
3215      if (_.isObject(def)) {
3216        swp = def.startWithParent;
3217        return _.isUndefined(swp) ? true : swp;
3218      }
3219  
3220      return true;
3221    },
3222  
3223    _getDefine: function(def) {
3224      if (_.isFunction(def) && !(def.prototype instanceof Marionette.Module)) {
3225        return def;
3226      }
3227  
3228      if (_.isObject(def)) {
3229        return def.define;
3230      }
3231  
3232      return null;
3233    },
3234  
3235    _addStartWithParent: function(parentModule, module, startWithParent) {
3236      module.startWithParent = module.startWithParent && startWithParent;
3237  
3238      if (!module.startWithParent || !!module.startWithParentIsConfigured) {
3239        return;
3240      }
3241  
3242      module.startWithParentIsConfigured = true;
3243  
3244      parentModule.addInitializer(function(options) {
3245        if (module.startWithParent) {
3246          module.start(options);
3247        }
3248      });
3249    }
3250  });
3251  
3252
3253  return Marionette;
3254}));